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		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Languages_of_Wesnoth&amp;diff=75507</id>
		<title>Languages of Wesnoth</title>
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		<updated>2026-07-06T13:34:16Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: Added wose language&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Translations}}&lt;br /&gt;
The world of Wesnoth is as rich in languages as it is in all sorts of creatures and races that inhabit it. Although fieldwork in distant lands is never easy, many mages from the Great Academy on Alduin as well as other scholars from Weldyn and Elensefar have managed to assemble impressive archives full of manuscripts on the various languages ​​of Irdya. Most of them date back to the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#628-673_YW:_The_Silver_Age_of_Wesnoth|Silver Age of Wesnoth (628-673 YW)]] and the peaceful reign of [[CharactersStorys#Konrad_II|Konrad II]], which sparked a minor scientific renaissance in the kingdom, reviving the level of interest in linguistics among the scholars seen before only during the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#200-350 YW: The Golden Age of Wesnoth|Golden Age of Wesnoth (200-350 YW)]].&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;tright&amp;quot;&amp;gt;__TOC__&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== Anthropic Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Anthropic language family includes languages spoken by [[humans]] that originate from the Old Continent as well as the Green Isle. [[Merfolk]] language tends to be included as well, although it's status as a member of the anthropic family is not universally accepted and some scholars consider it to be a language isolate.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Wesnothian Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wesnothian language is the most well-studied one of all the languages of the Great Continent. It can be said to have the highest number of speakers as well, if one doesn't count the vast diversity of orcish dialects as one language.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Notable phonological features of the wesnothian language include the isolated voiced stops, lack of fricatives (although intervocalic lenition is widespread, when voiceless consonants undergo spirantization), a voiceless liquid series as well as complete lack of [j] and [w], even in diphthongs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Coronal !! Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| k g gʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
| ʋ&lt;br /&gt;
| l̥ l&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| r̥ r&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Front !! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! tns. !! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | lax !! tns.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i || ɪ || ʊ || u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e || ɛ~æ || ɞ || o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; | a&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Phonemes /t/, /k/ and /l̥/ lenite intervocalically, turning into [θ], [x] and [ɬ] respectively. /r̥/ only occurs word-initially. /k/ has an allophone [kʷ], which occurs after a liquid and before a back vowel (including /a/). Vowels next to each other are in hiatus and are never pronounced as diphthongs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The main writing system used to write wesnothian is the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#51_YW|steel-hand alphabet]] implemented during the reign of Haldric II and later adopted by many other races to write their own languages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Wesnothian alphabet'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || B b || C c || D d || E e || G g || H h || I i || K k || L l&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /b/ || /k/ || /d/ || /e/ || /g/ || ∅ || /i/ || [kʷ] || /l/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| M m || N n || O o || R r || S s || T t || U u || V v || W w || Y y&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /m/ || /n/ || /o/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /ʊ/ || /ʋ/ || /u/ || /ɪ/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Digraphs ⟨ae⟩ and ⟨eo⟩ are used to represent /ɛ/ and /ɞ/ respectively. Voiceless liquids /l̥/ and /r̥/ are written as ⟨ll⟩ and ⟨rh⟩. Despite not being full-fledged phonemes, allophones [θ] and [kʷ] tend to be written separately as ⟨th⟩ and ⟨k⟩ respectively. ⟨th⟩ also appears word-finally, where it's read as a normal [t] (the orthographic tradition of Wesnoth tends to prefer historical spellings instead of phonetic ones).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Merfolk Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Language of the [[merfolk]] is primarily spoken in the Bay of Pearls and the area around Jotha and Tirigaz, although minor merfolk settlements can be found all over the shores of the Great Continent from the Far North to the deserts of the south.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Notable features of the merfolk language's phonology include the four long vowel variants, widespread vowel hiatus, a large amount of fricatives as well as a voiceless approximant series (/ç/ and /h/ are considered to actually be [j̊] and [ʍ] by some scholars).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Palatal !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Stop&lt;br /&gt;
| p b&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| c&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| f v&lt;br /&gt;
| θ ð&lt;br /&gt;
| s z&lt;br /&gt;
| ç&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| l̥ l&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| w&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| r&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! unr. || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | rounded&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| ɪ iː || ʏ yː&lt;br /&gt;
| ʊ uː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e ||&lt;br /&gt;
| o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; | a aː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; | ai̯&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Most mermen live in isolation in the shallow waters of the Great Ocean and use their own script. During the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#417-530_YW:_The_Turmoil_of_Asheviere|Turmoil of Asheviere]], however, many coastal merfolk picked a side in the conflict and integrated into human army structures, adopting the wesnothian steel-hand with it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;7&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Merfolk alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || Ā ā || B b || C c || D d || E e || G g&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /aː/ || /b/ || /c/ || /d/ || /ɛ/ || /g/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| H h || I i || Ī ī || J j || K k || L l || M m&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /h/ || /ɪ/ || /iː/ || /j/ || /k/ || /l/ || /m/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| N n || O o || P p || R r || S s || T t || U u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /n/ || /ɔ/ || /p/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /ʊ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Ū ū || V v || W w || Y y || Ȳ ȳ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /uː/ || /v/ || /w/ || /ʏ/ || /yː/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /z/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;8&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Merfolk alphabet''' (merfolk script)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Α α || Ᾱ ᾱ || Β β || Γ γ || Δ δ || Ε ε || Ζ ζ || Θ θ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /aː/ || /v/ || /g/ || /ð/ || /ɛ/ || /z/ || /θ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Ι ι || Ῑ ῑ || Κ κ || Λ λ || Μ μ || Ν ν || Ο ο || Π π&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ɪ/ || /iː/ || /k/ || /l/ || /m/ || /n/ || /ɔ/ || /p/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Ρ ρ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Σ σ/ς || Τ τ || Υ υ || Ῡ ῡ || Φ φ || Χ χ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /r/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /s/ || /t/ || /ʏ/ || /yː/ || /f/ || /h/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Digraphs ⟨ll/λλ⟩, ⟨ββ⟩, ⟨ph⟩, ⟨th⟩, ⟨dh⟩, ⟨ch/χι⟩, ⟨kh⟩, ⟨κι⟩, ⟨μπ⟩, ⟨ντ⟩, ⟨ου⟩ and ⟨οῡ⟩ are used to represent the phonemes /l̥/, /w/, /f/, /θ/, /ð/, /ç/, [x], /c/, /b/, /d/, /ʊ/ and /uː/ respectively. The grapheme ⟨ι⟩ is also used to represent /j/, as well as palatalization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Elven Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Elven language family includes two major branches: southern and northern elvish, commonly referred to as the Aethenwood and Lintanir Elvish respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Aethenwood Elvish ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This elvish variety is spoken by the [[elves]] of Aethenwood and its surrounding areas, which include the Southwood and the Black Forest.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Aethenwood Elvish posesses a unique unstable vowel system, characterised by an ATR distinction instead of length, which is more common in the sprachbund of the Great Continent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Coronal !! Dorsal !! Labio-&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;velar&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
| p b&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
| kʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| f v&lt;br /&gt;
| s ð&lt;br /&gt;
| x ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ɾ l&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| w&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Central !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i ɪ || ʉ || ʊ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | e || ɵ || rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| ə&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ɛ || rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ʌ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Elves, just like dwarves, use two writing systems: one in dealings with the humans and another domestically.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Elvish alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || Á á || B b || C c || D d || E e || É é || F f || G g || H h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ʌ/ || /a/ || /b/ || /k/ || /d/ || /ə/ || /e/ || /f/ || /g/ || /x/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| I i || Í í || L l || M m || N n || O o || Ó ó || P p || Q q || R r&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ɪ/ || /i/ || /l/ || /m/ || /n/ || /o/ || /ɵ/ || /p/ || ∅ || /ɾ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| S s || T t || U u  || Ú ú || V v || W w || Y y || Ý ý || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Æ æ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /s/ || /t/ || /ʊ/ || /ʉ/ || /v/ || /w/ || /ɪ/ || /i/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /ɛ/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;8&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Elvish alphabet''' (elvish)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ა || ბ || გ || დ || ე || ვ || ზ || ჱ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ʌ/ || /b/ || /g/ || /d/ || /ə/ || /v/ || /ð/ || /ɛ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| თ || ი || კ || ლ || მ || ნ || ო || რ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /t/ || /ɪ/ || /kʷ/ || /l/ || /m/ || /n/ || /o/ || /ɾ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ს || ჳ || უ || ფ || ქ || ღ  || ხ || ჶ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /s/ || /w/ || /ʊ/ || /p/ || /k/ || /ɣ/ || /x/ || /f/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; | ჼ || colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; | /◌˖/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Digraphs ⟨th⟩, ⟨qu⟩ and ⟨ae⟩ are used to represent /ð/, /kʷ/ and /ɛ/ in the steel-hand alphabet. The latter can also be written as a single letter ⟨æ⟩. /g/ and /ɣ/ are in complementary distrubution and are therefore written as ⟨g⟩. ⟨y⟩ and ⟨ý⟩ are used instead of ⟨i⟩ and ⟨í⟩ if there is a front vowel in the next syllable, showing a historical distinction that has since vanished. ⟨ჼ⟩ is a so-called &amp;quot;fronting sign&amp;quot;, playing the same role as the acute accent in the steel-hand alphabet, which fronts the vowel it is after, turning /ɪ/, /ʊ/, /ə/, /o/ and /ʌ/ into /i/, /ʉ/, /e/, /ɵ/ and /a/ respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Dwarven Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Knalga Dwarvish ===&lt;br /&gt;
Knalga Dwarvish is spoken by the [[dwarves]] of the Heart Mountains and is one of the most well-documented languages of the Great Continent, along with the Wesnothian and Aethenwood Elvish languages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | n&lt;br /&gt;
| ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
| p b&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| f&lt;br /&gt;
| θ&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ɫ&lt;br /&gt;
| r&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i || u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| ɛ || ɔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ai̯ au̯&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/ɫ/ is always a dark l and /r/ is always a trill.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The dwarves use two writing systems: a native runic one, the usage of which goes back to times long forgotten, when dwarves still lived underground, and a steel-hand one, adopted fairly recently. Runes are usually carved into architecture and used on special occasions, while the steel-hand alphabet is used in the daily life and on paper.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Dwarvish alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || B b || C c || D d || E e || F f || G g || H h || I i&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /b/ || /k/ || /d/ || /ɛ/ || /f/ || /g/ || ∅ || /i/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| L l || M m || N n || O o || P p || R r || S s || T t || U u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ɫ/ || /m/ || /n/ || /ɔ/ || /p/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /u/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;11&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Dwarvish alphabet''' (runic)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ᚠ || ᚢ || ᚦ || ᚨ || ᚱ || ᚲ || ᚷ || ᚾ || ᛁ || ᛃ || ᛈ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /f/ || /u/ || /θ/ || /a/ || /r/ || /k/ || /g/ || /n/ || /i/ || /j/ || /p/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ᛋ || ᛊ || ᛏ || ᛒ || ᛖ || ᛗ || ᛚ || ᛜ || ᛟ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ᛞ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /s/ || /t͡s/ || /t/ || /b/ || /ɛ/ || /m/ || /ɫ/ || /ŋ/ || /ɔ/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /d/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
⟨h⟩ is only used in the digraph ⟨th⟩ to represent /θ/. /t͡s/ and /ŋ/ are written as ⟨ts⟩ and ⟨ng⟩ in the steel-hand alphabet. /j/ only appears in diphthongs and is represented by ⟨i⟩ and ⟨ᛃ⟩ respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Drake Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Drake languages are spoken by [[Drakes (race)|drakes]] and ​​form a dialect continuum stretching from the volcanic islands of the Great Ocean (urheimat to the drake languages as a whole) to the eastern reaches of the Heart Mountains, with a fairly high level of mutual intelligibility in the Far North of the Great Continent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Continental Drakish ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The umbrella term &amp;quot;Continental Drakish&amp;quot; refers to all the varieties of drake languages spoken on the Great Continent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Coronal !! Post-&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;alveolar !! Velar !! Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
| ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| v&lt;br /&gt;
| θ s&lt;br /&gt;
| ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Liquid&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| r l&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i || u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e || o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | au̯&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Presumably, all consonants can be geminated and all vowels have a corresponding nasal variant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Drakish is most often written with the steel-hand script.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Drake alphabet'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| A a || B b || C c || D d || E e || G g || I i || K k || L l&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /b/ || /k/ || /d/ || /e/ || /g/ || /i/ || /k/ || /l/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| M m || N n || O o || R r || S s || T t || U u || V v || Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /m/ || /n/ || /o/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /u/ || /v/ || /z/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
All phonemes are orthographically represented the same way they are in english, except for /ʔ/, which is written as an apostrophe ⟨'⟩. Final ⟨hn⟩ serves as a nasalization marker. Final ⟨é⟩ indicates the vowel is spoken rather than modifying a medial vowel (there is no silent final 'e' in the language). Word-final ⟨ck⟩ has the value /k/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Herpetic Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Herpetic language family includes two major branches: sauric and ophidic, commonly referred to as the &amp;quot;saurian&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;naga&amp;quot; branches respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Saurian Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Saurian language is spoken by [[saurians]], close allies of drakes. While saurians do not have a centralized society like humans or elves, the saurian language can be heard all over the Great Continent, being particularly widespread in the swamps of the Far North.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Notable phonological features of the saurian language include the presence of a voiced affricate as well as a high mid vowel.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Alveolar !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Stop&lt;br /&gt;
| p b&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡s d͡z&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| f v&lt;br /&gt;
| s z&lt;br /&gt;
| x ɦ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ɾ l&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Mid !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! High&lt;br /&gt;
| i || ɨ || u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Non-High&lt;br /&gt;
| e || a || o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; | ai̯&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Saurian language is not written natively. A steel-hand alphabet devised by the scholars of Wesnoth is used to write the language down for research purposes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;11&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Saurian alphabet'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || B b || C c || D d || E e || F f || H h || I i || K k || L l || M m&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /b/ || ∅ || /d/ || /e/ || /f/ || /ɦ/ || /i/ || /k/ || /l/ || /m/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| N n || O o || P p || R r || S s || T t || U u || V v || X x || Y y || Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /n/ || /o/ || /p/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /u/ || /ʋ/ || /t͡s/ || /ɨ/ || /z/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Digraphs ⟨zz⟩ and ⟨ch⟩ are used to represent /d͡z/and /x/ respectively. /j/ only appears in diphthongs and is written as ⟨i⟩.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Naga Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The naga language is spoken by [[nagas]] and is particularly widespread in the regions of the Sleepless Sea and the Bay of Clouds, far beyond the reach of the Kingdom of Wesnoth. Substantial naga populations can be found in the Far North as well, particularly in the Black Marshes and the river delta of the Bork River, where they consistently clash with the local merfolk.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The phonology of the naga language appears to be typologically unusual in comparison to other languages of Irdya. It has several laterals, but no voiced [l]. Details of the fortis-lenis distinction are still a matter of debate among the scholars of Wesnoth, as fieldwork in naga territory comes with considerable risks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
! Fortis&lt;br /&gt;
| p|b̥&lt;br /&gt;
| t|d̥&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k|ɡ̊&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Lenis&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Sibilant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s̻&lt;br /&gt;
| s̺&lt;br /&gt;
| ç~ɕ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ʋ&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ɾ&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i iː&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a aː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | eɪ̯ aɪ̯ i̯a&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The dorsal sibilant varies in pronunciation depending on the dialect. Voiced variants of lateral consonants appear intervocalically as allophones, as does the phone [v] as an allophone of /ʋ/ before an onset of a syllable.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Front vowels /i/, /e/ and /a/ tend to lenite into [ɪ], [ə] and [ɐ] when unstressed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although the majority of the naga prefer to use the script of the dunefolk, learned from them due to years of coexistence, several communities in the Far North tend to use the wesnothian steel-hand as well.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;7&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Naga alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || Ą ą || B b || D d || E e || G g || H h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /aː/ || /b̥/ || /d̥/ || /e/ || /ɡ̊/ || /x/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| I i || Į į || K k || L l || M m || N n || O o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /i/ || /iː/ || /k/ || /ɬ/ || /m/ || /n/ || /o/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| P p || R r || S s || T t || V v || X x || Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /p/ || /ɾ/ || /s̺/ || /t/ || /ʋ/ || /ɕ/ || /s̻/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Naga alphabet''' (dunefolk script)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ص || ش || س || ر || د || خ || ت || ب || ا&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /s̻/ || /ɕ/ || /s̺/ || /ɾ/ || /d̥/ || /x/ || /t/ || /b̥/ || /aː/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ي || و || ە || ن || م || ل || ك || غ || ط&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /iː/ || /ʋ/ || /e/ || /n/ || /m/ || /ɬ/ || /k/ || /ɡ̊/ || /t͡ɬ/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraph ⟨ll⟩ is used to represent /t͡ɬ/ in the steel-hand alphabet. Vowels /i/, /o, /a/ are typically not written in the dunefolk script, but can be represented with the diacritics ⟨ــِـ⟩, ⟨ــُـ⟩ and ⟨ــَـ⟩ respectively. ⟨i⟩ and ⟨ي⟩ also represent /j/ in diphthongs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Language Isolates ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These languages either do not belong to any known language family in Irdya, or are too unstudied to confidently group them together with other languages.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
=== Dunefolkish Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dunefolkish is the language of the [[dunefolk]] inhabiting the far south. Despite being one of the major languages of the Great Continent, dunefolkish remains one of the least studied languages in Irdya due to its complex non-concatenative morphology and typologically unusual consonant inventory.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Coronal !! Velar !! Uvular !! Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !!  Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i || u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Near-close&lt;br /&gt;
| ɪ || ʊ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close-mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e || o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open-mid&lt;br /&gt;
| ɛ~æ || ɞ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Troll Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Troll language is spoken by the [[trolls]] of the Heart Mountains and the Far North.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Uniquely, the language of trolls doesn't have any nasal consonants and has an asipartion distinction.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Coronal !! Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
| pʰ p b&lt;br /&gt;
| tʰ t d&lt;br /&gt;
| kʰ k g&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | f v&lt;br /&gt;
| s z ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | χ ʁ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
| ɫ&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !!  Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| ɛ || ʌ ɔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| a || ɒ&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Trolls do not write their language down. The following alphabet was coined in Wesnoth for research purposes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Troll alphabet'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || Ä ä || B b || D d || E e || F f || G g || H h || K k&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /ʌ/ || /b/ || /d/ || /e/ || /f/ || /g/ || /χ/ || /k/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| L l || O o || R r || S s || T t || U u || Ü ü || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | V v&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ɫ/ || /ɒ/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /u/ || /ɔ/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /v/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
⟨h⟩ after a stop consonant represents aspiration. Digraphs ⟨ts⟩, ⟨sh⟩ and ⟨gh⟩ represent /t͡s/, /ʃ/ and /ʁ/ respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Gryphon Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The gryphon language is spoken by the gryphons of the Gryphon Mountain and the surrounding gryphon populations nearing Knalga.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Due to the biological constraints the gryphons possess, the diversity of sounds they are able to make appears to be quite limited.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Stop&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| q ɢ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
! short&lt;br /&gt;
| s z&lt;br /&gt;
| ʂ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! gem.&lt;br /&gt;
| sː zː&lt;br /&gt;
| ʂː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
! short&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| r&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! gem.&lt;br /&gt;
| jː&lt;br /&gt;
| rː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Front !! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; | Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! short || long ||  short || long || overl.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i || iː || u || uː || uːː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e || eː || o || oː ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
|  ||  ||  a || aː || aːː&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The rhotic /r/ varies greatly in pronunciation, but is pronounced as [ɰ] by most of the speakers outside Gryphon Mountain, despite being analysed as a trill.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The gryphons themselves do not write their language down. For the purposes of keeping records and writing down names, the following alphabet is used in Wesnoth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Gryphon alphabet'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || E e || G g || I i || K k || O o || R r || S s || Y y || Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /e/ || /ɢ/ || /i/ || /q/ || /o/ || /r/ || /s/ || /j/ || /z/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraph ⟨sh⟩ is used for /ʂ/. Vowel length and gemination are represented by doubling/trippling the corresponding letter (/ʂː/ is written as ⟨sshh⟩).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Wose Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wose language is spoken by tree-like [[woses]]. Anything and everything know about them or their language ultimately comes from their elvish allies.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The only notable feature of the wose language phonology appears to be a series of pre-nasalized voiced stops, which do not appear in any other language on the Great Continent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Coronal !! Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
| p b ᵐb&lt;br /&gt;
| t d ⁿd&lt;br /&gt;
| k g ᵑɡ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| f&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ɫ r&lt;br /&gt;
| w&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i || u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| ɛ || ɔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wose language hasn't been seen in written form, but based upon the sound inventory outline above, Wesnothian researchers hypothesize that both the steel-hand and elvish alphabets could be used to write the language down.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Wose alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || B b || C c || D d || E e || F f || G g || H h || I i || K k&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /b/ || /t͡ʃ/ || /d/ || /ɛ/ || /f/ || /g/ || /x/ || /i/ || /k/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| L l || M m || N n || O o || P p || R r || S s || T t || U u  || W w&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ɫ/ || /m/ || /n/ || /ɔ/ || /p/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /u/ || /w/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;7&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Wose alphabet''' (elvish)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ა || ბ || გ || დ || ე || ვ || თ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /b/ || /g/ || /d/ || /ɛ/ || /w/ || /t/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ი || ლ || მ || ნ || ო || რ || ს&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /i/ || /ɫ/ || /m/ || /n/ || /ɔ/ || /r/ || /s/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| უ || ფ || ქ || ჩ || ხ || ჶ || ჼ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /u/ || /p/ || /k/ || /t͡ʃ/ || /x/ || /f/ || /ⁿ◌/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
=== Ogre Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== See Also ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Races]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[CampaignDialogue|Campaign Dialogue]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:World of Wesnoth]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Template:Languages&amp;diff=75500</id>
		<title>Template:Languages</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Template:Languages&amp;diff=75500"/>
		<updated>2026-07-05T10:22:24Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Navbox&lt;br /&gt;
|name=Languages&lt;br /&gt;
|style=background:#F8EAD1; margin: 0.5em auto; text-align: center; border:1px #E4BC7B solid; width:90%&lt;br /&gt;
|bodystyle=background:#F8EAD1&lt;br /&gt;
|titlestyle=background:#F2DEB6; margin: 0.5em auto; text-align: center; width:100%&lt;br /&gt;
|abovestyle=background:#EDE1CC&lt;br /&gt;
|groupstyle=background:#EDE1CC;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|title=''[[Languages of Wesnoth]]''&lt;br /&gt;
|above=Author: [[User:Alexinor|Alexinor]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|group1='''Language Families'''&lt;br /&gt;
|list1={{Navbox&lt;br /&gt;
|groupstyle=background:#EDE1CC&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    |group1='''Anthropic'''&lt;br /&gt;
    |list1={{Navbox&lt;br /&gt;
    |groupstyle=background:#EDE1CC&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
        |group1='''Khersoic'''&lt;br /&gt;
        |list1=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Wesnothian Language|Wesnothian]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Wesfolkish|Wesfolkish]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
        |group2='''Thalassic'''&lt;br /&gt;
        |list2=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Merfolk Language|Jotha Merfolkish]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Merfolk Language|Bay of Pearls Merfolkish]]&lt;br /&gt;
    }}&lt;br /&gt;
        &lt;br /&gt;
    |group2='''Elven'''&lt;br /&gt;
    |list2={{Navbox&lt;br /&gt;
    |groupstyle=background:#EDE1CC&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
        |group1='''Northern Elvish'''&lt;br /&gt;
        |list1=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Upper Lintanir Elvish|Upper Lintanir Elvish]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Lower Lintanir Elvish|Lower Lintanir Elvish]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
        |group2='''Southern Elvish'''&lt;br /&gt;
        |list2=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Aethenwood Elvish|Aethenwood Elvish]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Southwood Elvish|Southwood Elvish]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Black Forest Elvish|Black Forest Elvish]]&lt;br /&gt;
    }}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    |group3='''Dwarven'''&lt;br /&gt;
    |list3=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Knalga Dwarvish|Knalga Dwarvish]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Dorth Dwarvish|Dorth Dwarvish]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    |group4='''Drake'''&lt;br /&gt;
    |list4=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Continental Drake|Continental Drakish]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Archipelago Drake|Archipelago Drakish]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    |group5='''Herpetic'''&lt;br /&gt;
    |list5={{Navbox&lt;br /&gt;
    |groupstyle=background:#EDE1CC&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
        |group1='''Sauric'''&lt;br /&gt;
        |list1=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Saurian Language|Northern Saurian]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Saurian Language|Southern Saurian]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
        |group2='''Ophidic'''&lt;br /&gt;
        |list2=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Naga Language|Northern Naga]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Naga Language|Southern Naga]]&lt;br /&gt;
    }}&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|group2='''Language Isolates'''&lt;br /&gt;
|list2=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Dunefolkish|Dunefolkish]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Troll Language|Trollic]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Gryphon Language|Gryphonic]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Wose Language|Wose]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Ogre Language|Ogric]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|group3='''Proto-Languages'''&lt;br /&gt;
|list3=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Green Isle Wesnothian|Green Isle Wesnothian]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Old Elvish|Old Elvish]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Old Dwarvish|Old Dwarvish]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;{{Template}}&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Languages_of_Wesnoth&amp;diff=75499</id>
		<title>Languages of Wesnoth</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Languages_of_Wesnoth&amp;diff=75499"/>
		<updated>2026-07-05T09:57:51Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: Added saurian language&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Translations}}&lt;br /&gt;
The world of Wesnoth is as rich in languages as it is in all sorts of creatures and races that inhabit it. Although fieldwork in distant lands is never easy, many mages from the Great Academy on Alduin as well as other scholars from Weldyn and Elensefar have managed to assemble impressive archives full of manuscripts on the various languages ​​of Irdya. Most of them date back to the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#628-673_YW:_The_Silver_Age_of_Wesnoth|Silver Age of Wesnoth (628-673 YW)]] and the peaceful reign of [[CharactersStorys#Konrad_II|Konrad II]], which sparked a minor scientific renaissance in the kingdom, reviving the level of interest in linguistics among the scholars seen before only during the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#200-350 YW: The Golden Age of Wesnoth|Golden Age of Wesnoth (200-350 YW)]].&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;tright&amp;quot;&amp;gt;__TOC__&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== Anthropic Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Anthropic language family includes human languages that originate from the Old Continent as well as the Green Isle. Merfolk language tends to be included as well, although it's status as a member of the anthropic family is not universally accepted and some scholars consider it to be a language isolate.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Wesnothian Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wesnothian language is the most well-studied one of all the languages of the Great Continent. It can be said to have the highest number of speakers as well, if one doesn't count the vast diversity of orcish dialects as one language.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Notable phonological features of the wesnothian language include the isolated voiced stops, lack of fricatives (although intervocalic lenition is widespread, when voiceless consonants undergo spirantization), a voiceless liquid series as well as complete lack of [j] and [w], even in diphthongs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Coronal !! Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| k g gʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
| ʋ&lt;br /&gt;
| l̥ l&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| r̥ r&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Front !! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! tns. !! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | lax !! tns.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i || ɪ || ʊ || u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e || ɛ~æ || ɞ || o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; | a&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Phonemes /t/, /k/ and /l̥/ lenite intervocalically, turning into [θ], [x] and [ɬ] respectively. /r̥/ only occurs word-initially. /k/ has an allophone [kʷ], which occurs after a liquid and before a back vowel (including /a/). Vowels next to each other are in hiatus and are never pronounced as diphthongs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The main writing system used to write wesnothian is the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#51_YW|steel-hand alphabet]] implemented during the reign of Haldric II and later adopted by many other races to write their own languages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Wesnothian alphabet'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || B b || C c || D d || E e || G g || H h || I i || K k || L l&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /b/ || /k/ || /d/ || /e/ || /g/ || ∅ || /i/ || [kʷ] || /l/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| M m || N n || O o || R r || S s || T t || U u || V v || W w || Y y&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /m/ || /n/ || /o/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /ʊ/ || /ʋ/ || /u/ || /ɪ/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Digraphs ⟨ae⟩ and ⟨eo⟩ are used to represent /ɛ/ and /ɞ/ respectively. Voiceless liquids /l̥/ and /r̥/ are written as ⟨ll⟩ and ⟨rh⟩. Despite not being full-fledged phonemes, allophones [θ] and [kʷ] tend to be written separately as ⟨th⟩ and ⟨k⟩ respectively. ⟨th⟩ also appears word-finally, where it's read as a normal [t] (the orthographic tradition of Wesnoth tends to prefer historical spellings instead of phonetic ones).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Merfolk Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Language of the merfolk is primarily spoken in the Bay of Pearls and the area around Jotha and Tirigaz, although minor merfolk settlements can be found all over the shores of the Great Continent from the Far North to the deserts of the south.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Notable features of the merfolk language's phonology include the four long vowel variants, widespread vowel hiatus, a large amount of fricatives as well as a voiceless approximant series (/ç/ and /h/ are considered to actually be [j̊] and [ʍ] by some scholars).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Palatal !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Stop&lt;br /&gt;
| p b&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| c&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| f v&lt;br /&gt;
| θ ð&lt;br /&gt;
| s z&lt;br /&gt;
| ç&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| l̥ l&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| w&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| r&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! unr. || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | rounded&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| ɪ iː || ʏ yː&lt;br /&gt;
| ʊ uː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e ||&lt;br /&gt;
| o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; | a aː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; | ai̯&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Most mermen live in isolation in the shallow waters of the Great Ocean and use their own script. During the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#417-530_YW:_The_Turmoil_of_Asheviere|Turmoil of Asheviere]], however, many coastal merfolk picked a side in the conflict and integrated into human army structures, adopting the wesnothian steel-hand with it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;7&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Merfolk alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || Ā ā || B b || C c || D d || E e || G g&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /aː/ || /b/ || /c/ || /d/ || /ɛ/ || /g/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| H h || I i || Ī ī || J j || K k || L l || M m&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /h/ || /ɪ/ || /iː/ || /j/ || /k/ || /l/ || /m/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| N n || O o || P p || R r || S s || T t || U u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /n/ || /ɔ/ || /p/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /ʊ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Ū ū || V v || W w || Y y || Ȳ ȳ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /uː/ || /v/ || /w/ || /ʏ/ || /yː/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /z/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;8&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Merfolk alphabet''' (merfolk script)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Α α || Ᾱ ᾱ || Β β || Γ γ || Δ δ || Ε ε || Ζ ζ || Θ θ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /aː/ || /v/ || /g/ || /ð/ || /ɛ/ || /z/ || /θ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Ι ι || Ῑ ῑ || Κ κ || Λ λ || Μ μ || Ν ν || Ο ο || Π π&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ɪ/ || /iː/ || /k/ || /l/ || /m/ || /n/ || /ɔ/ || /p/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Ρ ρ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Σ σ/ς || Τ τ || Υ υ || Ῡ ῡ || Φ φ || Χ χ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /r/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /s/ || /t/ || /ʏ/ || /yː/ || /f/ || /h/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Digraphs ⟨ll/λλ⟩, ⟨ββ⟩, ⟨ph⟩, ⟨th⟩, ⟨dh⟩, ⟨ch/χι⟩, ⟨kh⟩, ⟨κι⟩, ⟨μπ⟩, ⟨ντ⟩, ⟨ου⟩ and ⟨οῡ⟩ are used to represent the phonemes /l̥/, /w/, /f/, /θ/, /ð/, /ç/, [x], /c/, /b/, /d/, /ʊ/ and /uː/ respectively. The grapheme ⟨ι⟩ is also used to represent /j/, as well as palatalization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Elven Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Elven language family includes two major branches: southern and northern elvish, commonly referred to as the Aethenwood and Lintanir Elvish respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Aethenwood Elvish ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This elvish variety is spoken by the elves of Aethenwood and its surrounding areas, which include the Southwood and the Black Forest.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Aethenwood Elvish posesses a unique unstable vowel system, characterised by an ATR distinction instead of length, which is more common in the sprachbund of the Great Continent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Coronal !! Dorsal !! Labio-&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;velar&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
| p b&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
| kʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| f v&lt;br /&gt;
| s ð&lt;br /&gt;
| x ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ɾ l&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| w&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Central !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i ɪ || ʉ || ʊ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | e || ɵ || rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| ə&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ɛ || rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ʌ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Elves, just like dwarves, use two writing systems: one in dealings with the humans and another domestically.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Elvish alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || Á á || B b || C c || D d || E e || É é || F f || G g || H h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ʌ/ || /a/ || /b/ || /k/ || /d/ || /ə/ || /e/ || /f/ || /g/ || /x/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| I i || Í í || L l || M m || N n || O o || Ó ó || P p || Q q || R r&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ɪ/ || /i/ || /l/ || /m/ || /n/ || /o/ || /ɵ/ || /p/ || ∅ || /ɾ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| S s || T t || U u  || Ú ú || V v || W w || Y y || Ý ý || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Æ æ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /s/ || /t/ || /ʊ/ || /ʉ/ || /v/ || /w/ || /ɪ/ || /i/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /ɛ/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;8&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Elvish alphabet''' (elvish)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ა || ბ || გ || დ || ე || ვ || ზ || ჱ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ʌ/ || /b/ || /g/ || /d/ || /ə/ || /v/ || /ð/ || /ɛ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| თ || ი || კ || ლ || მ || ნ || ო || რ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /t/ || /ɪ/ || /kʷ/ || /l/ || /m/ || /n/ || /o/ || /ɾ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ს || ჳ || უ || ფ || ქ || ღ  || ხ || ჶ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /s/ || /w/ || /ʊ/ || /p/ || /k/ || /ɣ/ || /x/ || /f/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; | ჼ || colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; | /◌˖/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Digraphs ⟨th⟩, ⟨qu⟩ and ⟨ae⟩ are used to represent /ð/, /kʷ/ and /ɛ/ in the steel-hand alphabet. The latter can also be written as a single letter ⟨æ⟩. /g/ and /ɣ/ are in complementary distrubution and are therefore written as ⟨g⟩. ⟨y⟩ and ⟨ý⟩ are used instead of ⟨i⟩ and ⟨í⟩ if there is a front vowel in the next syllable, showing a historical distinction that has since vanished. ⟨ჼ⟩ is a so-called &amp;quot;fronting sign&amp;quot;, playing the same role as the acute accent in the steel-hand alphabet, which fronts the vowel it is after, turning /ɪ/, /ʊ/, /ə/, /o/ and /ʌ/ into /i/, /ʉ/, /e/, /ɵ/ and /a/ respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Dwarven Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Knalga Dwarvish ===&lt;br /&gt;
Knalga Dwarvish is spoken by the dwarves of the Heart Mountains and is one of the most well-documented languages of the Great Continent, along with the Wesnothian and Aethenwood Elvish languages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
| p b&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| f&lt;br /&gt;
| θ&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ɫ&lt;br /&gt;
| r&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i || u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| ɛ || ɔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ai̯ au̯&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/ɫ/ is always a dark l and /r/ is always a trill.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The dwarves use two writing systems: a native runic one, the usage of which goes back to times long forgotten, when dwarves still lived underground, and a steel-hand one, adopted fairly recently. Runes are usually carved into architecture and used on special occasions, while the steel-hand alphabet is used in the daily life and on paper.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Dwarvish alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || B b || C c || D d || E e || F f || G g || H h || I i&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /b/ || /k/ || /d/ || /ɛ/ || /f/ || /g/ || ∅ || /i/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| L l || M m || N n || O o || P p || R r || S s || T t || U u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ɫ/ || /m/ || /n/ || /ɔ/ || /p/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /u/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;11&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Dwarvish alphabet''' (runic)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ᚠ || ᚢ || ᚦ || ᚨ || ᚱ || ᚲ || ᚷ || ᚾ || ᛁ || ᛃ || ᛈ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /f/ || /u/ || /θ/ || /a/ || /r/ || /k/ || /g/ || /n/ || /i/ || /j/ || /p/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ᛋ || ᛊ || ᛏ || ᛒ || ᛖ || ᛗ || ᛚ || ᛜ || ᛟ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ᛞ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /s/ || /t͡s/ || /t/ || /b/ || /ɛ/ || /m/ || /ɫ/ || /ŋ/ || /ɔ/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /d/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
⟨h⟩ is only used in the digraph ⟨th⟩ to represent /θ/. /t͡s/ and /ŋ/ are written as ⟨ts⟩ and ⟨ng⟩ in the steel-hand alphabet. /j/ only appears in diphthongs and is represented by ⟨i⟩ and ⟨ᛃ⟩ respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Drake Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Drake languages ​​form a dialect continuum stretching from the volcanic islands of the Great Ocean (urheimat to the drake languages as a whole) to the eastern reaches of the Heart Mountains, with a fairly high level of mutual intelligibility in the Far North of the Great Continent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Continental Drakish ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The umbrella term &amp;quot;Continental Drakish&amp;quot; refers to all the varieties of drake languages spoken on the Great Continent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Coronal !! Post-&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;alveolar !! Velar !! Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
| ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| v&lt;br /&gt;
| θ s&lt;br /&gt;
| ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Liquid&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| r l&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i || u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e || o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | au̯&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Presumably, all consonants can be geminated and all vowels have a corresponding nasal variant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
* All phonemes are orthographically represented the same way they are in english, except for /ʔ/, which is written as an apostrophe ⟨'⟩.&lt;br /&gt;
* Final ⟨hn⟩ serves as a nasalization marker.&lt;br /&gt;
* Final ⟨é⟩ indicates the vowel is spoken rather than modifying a medial vowel (there is no silent final 'e' in the language).&lt;br /&gt;
* Word-final ⟨ck⟩ has the value /k/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Drake alphabet'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| A a || B b || C c || D d || E e || G g || I i || K k || L l&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /b/ || /k/ || /d/ || /e/ || /g/ || /i/ || /k/ || /l/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| M m || N n || O o || R r || S s || T t || U u || V v || Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /m/ || /n/ || /o/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /u/ || /v/ || /z/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Herpetic Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Herpetic language family includes two major branches: sauric and ophidic, commonly referred to as the &amp;quot;saurian&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;naga&amp;quot; branches respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Saurian Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Alveolar !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Stop&lt;br /&gt;
| p b&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡s d͡z&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| f v&lt;br /&gt;
| s z&lt;br /&gt;
| x ɦ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ɾ l&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Mid !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! High&lt;br /&gt;
| i || ɨ || u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Non-High&lt;br /&gt;
| e || a || o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; | ai̯&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Saurian language is not written natively. A steel-hand alphabet devised by the scholars of Wesnoth is used to write the language down for research purposes.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;11&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Saurian alphabet'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || B b || C c || D d || E e || F f || H h || I i || K k || L l || M m&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /b/ || ∅ || /d/ || /e/ || /f/ || /ɦ/ || /i/ || /k/ || /l/ || /m/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| N n || O o || P p || R r || S s || T t || U u || V v || X x || Y y || Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /n/ || /o/ || /p/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /u/ || /ʋ/ || /t͡s/ || /ɨ/ || /z/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Digraphs ⟨zz⟩ and ⟨ch⟩ are used to represent /d͡z/and /x/ respectively. /j/ only appears in diphthongs and is written as ⟨i⟩.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Naga Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The naga language is particularly widespread in the regions of the Sleepless Sea and the Bay of Clouds, far beyond the reach of the Kingdom of Wesnoth. Substantial naga populations can be found in the Far North as well, particularly in the Black Marshes and the river delta of the Bork River, where they consistently clash with the local merfolk.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The phonology of the naga language appears to be typologically unusual in comparison to other languages of Irdya. It has several laterals, but no voiced [l]. Details of the fortis-lenis distinction are still a matter of debate among the scholars of Wesnoth, as fieldwork in naga territory comes with considerable risks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
! Fortis&lt;br /&gt;
| p|b̥&lt;br /&gt;
| t|d̥&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k|ɡ̊&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Lenis&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Sibilant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s̻&lt;br /&gt;
| s̺&lt;br /&gt;
| ç~ɕ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ʋ&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ɾ&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i iː&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a aː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | eɪ̯ aɪ̯ i̯a&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The dorsal sibilant varies in pronunciation depending on the dialect. Voiced variants of lateral consonants appear intervocalically as allophones, as does the phone [v] as an allophone of /ʋ/ before an onset of a syllable.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Front vowels /i/, /e/ and /a/ tend to lenite into [ɪ], [ə] and [ɐ] when unstressed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although the majority of the naga prefer to use the script of the dunefolk, learned from them due to years of coexistence, several communities in the Far North tend to use the wesnothian steel-hand as well.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;7&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Naga alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || Ą ą || B b || D d || E e || G g || H h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /aː/ || /b̥/ || /d̥/ || /e/ || /ɡ̊/ || /x/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| I i || Į į || K k || L l || M m || N n || O o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /i/ || /iː/ || /k/ || /ɬ/ || /m/ || /n/ || /o/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| P p || R r || S s || T t || V v || X x || Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /p/ || /ɾ/ || /s̺/ || /t/ || /ʋ/ || /ɕ/ || /s̻/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Naga alphabet''' (dunefolk script)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ص || ش || س || ر || د || خ || ت || ب || ا&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /s̻/ || /ɕ/ || /s̺/ || /ɾ/ || /d̥/ || /x/ || /t/ || /b̥/ || /aː/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ي || و || ە || ن || م || ل || ك || غ || ط&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /iː/ || /ʋ/ || /e/ || /n/ || /m/ || /ɬ/ || /k/ || /ɡ̊/ || /t͡ɬ/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraph ⟨ll⟩ is used to represent /t͡ɬ/ in the steel-hand alphabet. Vowels /i/, /o, /a/ are typically not written in the dunefolk script, but can be represented with the diacritics ⟨ــِـ⟩, ⟨ــُـ⟩ and ⟨ــَـ⟩ respectively. ⟨i⟩ and ⟨ي⟩ also represent /j/ in diphthongs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Language Isolates ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These languages either do not belong to any known language family in Irdya, or are too unstudied to confidently group them together with other languages.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
=== Dunefolkish Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Despite being one of the major languages of the Great Continent, dunefolkish remains one of the least studied languages in Irdya due to its complex non-concatenative morphology and typologically unusual consonant inventory.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Coronal !! Velar !! Uvular !! Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !!  Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i || u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Near-close&lt;br /&gt;
| ɪ || ʊ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close-mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e || o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open-mid&lt;br /&gt;
| ɛ~æ || ɞ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Troll Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Troll language is spoken by the trolls of the Heart Mountains and the Far North.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Coronal !! Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
| pʰ p b&lt;br /&gt;
| tʰ t d&lt;br /&gt;
| kʰ k g&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | f v&lt;br /&gt;
| s z ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | χ ʁ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
| ɫ&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !!  Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| ɛ || ʌ ɔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| a || ɒ&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Troll alphabet'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || Ä ä || B b || D d || E e || F f || G g || H h || K k&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /ʌ/ || /b/ || /d/ || /e/ || /f/ || /g/ || /χ/ || /k/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| L l || O o || R r || S s || T t || U u || Ü ü || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | V v&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ɫ/ || /ɒ/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /u/ || /ɔ/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /v/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
⟨h⟩ after a stop consonant represents aspiration. Digraphs ⟨ts⟩, ⟨sh⟩ and ⟨gh⟩ represent /t͡s/, /ʃ/ and /ʁ/ respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Gryphon Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The gryphon language is spoken by the gryphons of the Gryphon Mountain and the surrounding gryphon populations nearing Knalga.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Due to the biological constraints the gryphons possess, the diversity of sounds they are able to make appears to be quite limited.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Stop&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| q ɢ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
! short&lt;br /&gt;
| s z&lt;br /&gt;
| ʂ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! gem.&lt;br /&gt;
| sː zː&lt;br /&gt;
| ʂː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
! short&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| r&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! gem.&lt;br /&gt;
| jː&lt;br /&gt;
| rː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Front !! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; | Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! short || long ||  short || long || overl.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i || iː || u || uː || uːː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e || eː || o || oː ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
|  ||  ||  a || aː || aːː&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The rhotic /r/ varies greatly in pronunciation, but is pronounced as [ɰ] by most of the speakers outside Gryphon Mountain, despite being analysed as a trill.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The gryphons themselves do not write their language down. For the purposes of keeping records and writing down names, the following alphabet is used in Wesnoth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Gryphon alphabet'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || E e || G g || I i || K k || O o || R r || S s || Y y || Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /e/ || /ɢ/ || /i/ || /q/ || /o/ || /r/ || /s/ || /j/ || /z/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraph ⟨sh⟩ is used for /ʂ/. Vowel length and gemination are represented by doubling/trippling the corresponding letter (/ʂː/ is written as ⟨sshh⟩).&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
=== Wose Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Ogre Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== See Also ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Races]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[CampaignDialogue|Campaign Dialogue]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:World of Wesnoth]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=WesnothTranslations&amp;diff=75496</id>
		<title>WesnothTranslations</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=WesnothTranslations&amp;diff=75496"/>
		<updated>2026-07-04T17:45:42Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==  Translations  ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wesnoth is currently being translated into the following languages. These languages are active and have a maintainer.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Translation !! Maintainer !! Contact&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[AncientGreekTranslation|Ancient Greek]] || Mejri Ziad (Hermestrismi)|| [mailto:beja.comuneATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[BengaliTranslation|Bengali]] || Subhraman Sarkar (LumiousE) || lumious_e on Discord&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[CatalanTranslation|Catalan]] || Arnau Vàzquez Palma || [mailto:arnauvpATmurenaDOTio]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[ChineseTranslation|Chinese]] || CloudiDust || [mailto:cloudidustATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[CzechTranslation|Czech]] || Michal Žejdl || [mailto:lachimATemerDOTcz]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[EnglishGBTranslation|English (GB)]] || Wedge009 || [mailto:wedge009ATwedge009DOTnet]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[FinnishTranslation|Finnish]] || Jaakko Saarikko (styxnix) || [mailto:jaakkoDOTsaarikkoATprotonmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[FrenchTranslation|French]] || demario || [mailto:wesnothfr-request@lists.tuxfamily.org?subject=subscribe mailing list]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[GalicianTranslation|Galician]] || Adrian Chaves || [mailto:adrianATchavesDOTio]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[GermanTranslation|German]] || Aaron Winter (Bitron) ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[GreekTranslation|Greek]] || Spiros Ioannou || [mailto:sivannATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[HungarianTranslation|Hungarian]] || Berda Jenő (bigbilly) || [mailto:big4billyATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[ItalianTranslation|Italian]] || Antonio Rosella || [mailto:arosellaATyahooDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[PolishTranslation|Polish]] || ForPeace || [https://forums.wesnoth.org/viewtopic.php?f=7&amp;amp;t=3796 forum thread]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[PortugueseTranslation|Portuguese Brazilian]] || Andrei Machado || [mailto:andreisp.machadoATyahooDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[RussianTranslation|Russian]] || [[User:Alexinor|Alexinor]] || [mailto:obolonkinATprotonDOTme]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[SerbianTranslation|Serbian]] || Chusslove Illich || [mailto:caslav.ilicATgmxDOTnet]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[SpanishTranslation|Spanish]] || Sebastián Lecchini (Sebas38760) || [mailto:sebas38760ATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These languages have a maintainer, but have not made any commits for over a year (as of summer 2026).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Translation !! Maintainer !! Contact&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[ArabicTranslation|Arabic]] || Mejri Ziad (Hermestrismi)|| [mailto:beja.comuneATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[BulgarianTranslation|Bulgarian]] || Ivan Petrov (TheWhiteKnight) || [mailto:vankata_petrovATabvDOTbg]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[ChineseTaiwanTranslation|Chinese (Taiwan)]] || 楊綮銘 (Taiwan) || [mailto:steven2880ATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[DutchTranslation|Dutch]] || Merijn de Vet || [mailto:merijndevetAThotmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[EnglishShawTranslation|English (Shaw)]] || Arc Riley || [mailto:ArcRileyATubuntuDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Esperanto_translation|Esperanto]] || Mariano Street (mctpyt) || [mailto:mctpytATprotonDOTme]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[IndonesianTranslation|Indonesian]] || Irsyad Musthafa || [mailto:sevennightmareATtutanotaDOTde]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[JapaneseTranslation|Japanese]] || Hironori Fujimoto (RatArmy) || [mailto:broadbarredfirefishATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[KoreanTranslation|Korean]] || mistzone || [mailto:drier22ATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[LatinTranslation|Latin]] || Daniel Faustmann || [mailto:donnerstag.freitag213@gmail.com]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[NorwegianTranslation|Norwegian]] || Bloodaxe || [mailto:bloodaxenor@protonmail.com]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[PortugueseContinentalTranslation|Portuguese (European)]] || trewe || [mailto:sjrs456ATyahooDOTfr]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Scottish_Gaelic_Translation|Scottish Gaelic]] || GunChleoc || [mailto:fiosAIGforamnagaidhligDOTnet]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[SlovakTranslation#Preklad|Slovak]] || Stanislav Hoferek || [mailto:shoferek@gmail.com]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[SwedishTranslation|Swedish]] || Alex Alowersson (fluxbird) || [mailto:alexalowersonATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[TurkishTranslation|Turkish]] || Nilgün Belma Bugüner || [mailto:nilgunATbelgelerDOTorg]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[UkrainianTranslation|Ukrainian]] || Oleksii Okhrimenko (lexa04) || Discord: amakri Email: [mailto:ohrimaleATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Currently inactive translations. If you wish to improve some of these languages (or one of the above maintainers is not responsive), contact Ivanovic on the [https://wiki.wesnoth.org/Support Wesnoth Discord channel].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Translation !! Maintainer !! Contact&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[AfrikaansTranslation|Afrikaans]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[BasqueTranslation|Basque]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[BurmeseTranslation|Burmese]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[CroatianTranslation|Croatian]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[DanishTranslation|Danish]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[HebrewTranslation|Hebrew]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[IcelandicTranslation|Icelandic]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[IrishTranslation|Irish]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[LatvianTranslation|Latvian]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[LithuanianTranslation|Lithuanian]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[MarathiTranslation|Marathi]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[MacedonianTranslation|Macedonian]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[OldEnglishTranslation|Old English]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[RACVTranslation|RACV]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[RomanianTranslation|Romanian]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[SlovenianTranslation|Slovenian]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[SpanishLatinAmericanTranslation|Spanish (Latin American)]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[ValencianTranslation|Valencian]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[VietnameseTranslation|Vietnamese]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Mailing List ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There now is a mailing list dedicated to translation matters. It is mainly intended to be used for informing translation maintainers about important changes, to announce string freezes and other special things. Everyone is free to subscribe to this list.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://groups.io/g/wesnoth-translations From February 2025]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://listengine.tuxfamily.org/wesnoth.org/i18n/ List info, how to subscribe, and archives from April 2022]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://mailman.wesnoth.org/pipermail/i18n/ Old list archives (up until April 2022)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please keep in mind that this list is not meant for discussing changes for one single translation but instead subjects which are relevant to all translations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See also ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[WesnothTranslationsHowTo]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[ImageLocalization]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GetText]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://gettext.wesnoth.org Translations statistics (stable)]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://gettext.wesnoth.org/index.php?version=trunk&amp;amp;package=alloff Translations statistics (development)]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GettextForTranslators#For_add-ons|Translating User Made Campaigns and add-ons]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[SpellingMistakes]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[CharactersStorys| Character descriptions for Translators (Spoiler Warning)]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Poetry of Wesnoth Translations]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Translations|*]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=WesnothTranslations&amp;diff=75495</id>
		<title>WesnothTranslations</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=WesnothTranslations&amp;diff=75495"/>
		<updated>2026-07-04T17:44:35Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: Updated active translations list&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==  Translations  ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wesnoth is currently being translated into the following languages. These languages are active and have a maintainer.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Translation !! Maintainer !! Contact&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[AncientGreekTranslation|Ancient Greek]] || Mejri Ziad (Hermestrismi)|| [mailto:beja.comuneATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[BengaliTranslation|Bengali]] || Subhraman Sarkar (LumiousE) || lumious_e on Discord&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[CatalanTranslation|Catalan]] || Arnau Vàzquez Palma || [mailto:arnauvpATmurenaDOTio]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[ChineseTranslation|Chinese]] || CloudiDust || [mailto:cloudidustATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[CzechTranslation|Czech]] || Michal Žejdl || [mailto:lachimATemerDOTcz]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[EnglishGBTranslation|English (GB)]] || Wedge009 || [mailto:wedge009ATwedge009DOTnet]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[FinnishTranslation|Finnish]] || Jaakko Saarikko (styxnix) || [mailto:jaakkoDOTsaarikkoATprotonmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[FrenchTranslation|French]] || demario || [mailto:wesnothfr-request@lists.tuxfamily.org?subject=subscribe mailing list]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[GalicianTranslation|Galician]] || Adrian Chaves || [mailto:adrianATchavesDOTio]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[GermanTranslation|German]] || Aaron Winter (Bitron) ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[GreekTranslation|Greek]] || Spiros Ioannou || [mailto:sivannATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[HungarianTranslation|Hungarian]] || Berda Jenő (bigbilly) || [mailto:big4billyATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[ItalianTranslation|Italian]] || Antonio Rosella || [mailto:arosellaATyahooDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[PolishTranslation|Polish]] || ForPeace || [https://forums.wesnoth.org/viewtopic.php?f=7&amp;amp;t=3796 forum thread]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[PortugueseTranslation|Portuguese Brazilian]] || Andrei Machado || [mailto:andreisp.machadoATyahooDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[RussianTranslation|Russian]] || [[User:Alexinor|Alexinor]] || [mailto:obolonkinATprotonDOTme]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[SerbianTranslation|Serbian]] || Chusslove Illich || [mailto:caslav.ilicATgmxDOTnet]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[SpanishTranslation|Spanish]] || Sebastián Lecchini (Sebas38760) || [mailto:sebas38760ATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
These languages have a maintainer, but have not made any commits for over a year (as of summer 2026).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Translation !! Maintainer !! Contact&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[ArabicTranslation|Arabic]] || Mejri Ziad (Hermestrismi)|| [mailto:beja.comuneATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[BulgarianTranslation|Bulgarian]] || Ivan Petrov (TheWhiteKnight) || [mailto:vankata_petrovATabvDOTbg]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[CatalanTranslation|Catalan]] || Arnau Vàzquez Palma || [mailto:arnauvpATmurenaDOTio]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[ChineseTaiwanTranslation|Chinese (Taiwan)]] || 楊綮銘 (Taiwan) || [mailto:steven2880ATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[DutchTranslation|Dutch]] || Merijn de Vet || [mailto:merijndevetAThotmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[EnglishShawTranslation|English (Shaw)]] || Arc Riley || [mailto:ArcRileyATubuntuDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Esperanto_translation|Esperanto]] || Mariano Street (mctpyt) || [mailto:mctpytATprotonDOTme]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[IndonesianTranslation|Indonesian]] || Irsyad Musthafa || [mailto:sevennightmareATtutanotaDOTde]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[JapaneseTranslation|Japanese]] || Hironori Fujimoto (RatArmy) || [mailto:broadbarredfirefishATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[KoreanTranslation|Korean]] || mistzone || [mailto:drier22ATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[LatinTranslation|Latin]] || Daniel Faustmann || [mailto:donnerstag.freitag213@gmail.com]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[NorwegianTranslation|Norwegian]] || Bloodaxe || [mailto:bloodaxenor@protonmail.com]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[PortugueseContinentalTranslation|Portuguese (European)]] || trewe || [mailto:sjrs456ATyahooDOTfr]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Scottish_Gaelic_Translation|Scottish Gaelic]] || GunChleoc || [mailto:fiosAIGforamnagaidhligDOTnet]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[SlovakTranslation#Preklad|Slovak]] || Stanislav Hoferek || [mailto:shoferek@gmail.com]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[SwedishTranslation|Swedish]] || Alex Alowersson (fluxbird) || [mailto:alexalowersonATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[TurkishTranslation|Turkish]] || Nilgün Belma Bugüner || [mailto:nilgunATbelgelerDOTorg]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[UkrainianTranslation|Ukrainian]] || Oleksii Okhrimenko (lexa04) || Discord: amakri Email: [mailto:ohrimaleATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Currently inactive translations. If you wish to improve some of these languages (or one of the above maintainers is not responsive), contact Ivanovic on the [https://wiki.wesnoth.org/Support Wesnoth Discord channel].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Translation !! Maintainer !! Contact&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[AfrikaansTranslation|Afrikaans]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[BasqueTranslation|Basque]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[BurmeseTranslation|Burmese]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[CroatianTranslation|Croatian]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[DanishTranslation|Danish]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[HebrewTranslation|Hebrew]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[IcelandicTranslation|Icelandic]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[IrishTranslation|Irish]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[LatvianTranslation|Latvian]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[LithuanianTranslation|Lithuanian]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[MarathiTranslation|Marathi]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[MacedonianTranslation|Macedonian]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[OldEnglishTranslation|Old English]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[RACVTranslation|RACV]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[RomanianTranslation|Romanian]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[SlovenianTranslation|Slovenian]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[SpanishLatinAmericanTranslation|Spanish (Latin American)]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[ValencianTranslation|Valencian]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[VietnameseTranslation|Vietnamese]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Mailing List ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There now is a mailing list dedicated to translation matters. It is mainly intended to be used for informing translation maintainers about important changes, to announce string freezes and other special things. Everyone is free to subscribe to this list.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://groups.io/g/wesnoth-translations From February 2025]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://listengine.tuxfamily.org/wesnoth.org/i18n/ List info, how to subscribe, and archives from April 2022]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://mailman.wesnoth.org/pipermail/i18n/ Old list archives (up until April 2022)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please keep in mind that this list is not meant for discussing changes for one single translation but instead subjects which are relevant to all translations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See also ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[WesnothTranslationsHowTo]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[ImageLocalization]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GetText]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://gettext.wesnoth.org Translations statistics (stable)]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://gettext.wesnoth.org/index.php?version=trunk&amp;amp;package=alloff Translations statistics (development)]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GettextForTranslators#For_add-ons|Translating User Made Campaigns and add-ons]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[SpellingMistakes]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[CharactersStorys| Character descriptions for Translators (Spoiler Warning)]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Poetry of Wesnoth Translations]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Translations|*]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Template:Languages&amp;diff=75490</id>
		<title>Template:Languages</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Template:Languages&amp;diff=75490"/>
		<updated>2026-07-04T10:24:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Navbox&lt;br /&gt;
|name=Languages&lt;br /&gt;
|style=background:#F8EAD1; margin: 0.5em auto; text-align: center; border:1px #E4BC7B solid; width:90%&lt;br /&gt;
|bodystyle=background:#F8EAD1&lt;br /&gt;
|titlestyle=background:#F2DEB6; margin: 0.5em auto; text-align: center; width:100%&lt;br /&gt;
|abovestyle=background:#EDE1CC&lt;br /&gt;
|groupstyle=background:#EDE1CC&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|title=''[[Languages of Wesnoth]]''&lt;br /&gt;
|above=Author: [[User:Alexinor|Alexinor]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|group1='''Great Continent'''&lt;br /&gt;
|list1={{Navbox&lt;br /&gt;
|groupstyle=background:#EDE1CC&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    |group1='''Human Languages'''&lt;br /&gt;
    |list1=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Wesnothian Language|Wesnothian]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Dunefolkish|Dunefolkish]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    |group2='''Elvish Languages'''&lt;br /&gt;
    |list2={{Navbox&lt;br /&gt;
    |groupstyle=background:#EDE1CC&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
        |group1='''Northern Elvish'''&lt;br /&gt;
        |list1=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Upper Lintanir Elvish|Upper Lintanir Elvish]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Lower Lintanir Elvish|Lower Lintanir Elvish]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
        |group2='''Southern Elvish'''&lt;br /&gt;
        |list2=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Aethenwood Elvish|Aethenwood Elvish]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Southwood Elvish|Southwood Elvish]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Black Forest Elvish|Black Forest Elvish]]&lt;br /&gt;
    }}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    |group3='''Dwarvish Languages'''&lt;br /&gt;
    |list3=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Knalga Dwarvish|Knalga Dwarvish]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Dorth Dwarvish|Dorth Dwarvish]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    |group4='''Drake Languages'''&lt;br /&gt;
    |list4=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Continental Drake|Continental Drake]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Archipelago Drake|Archipelago Drake]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    |group5='''Oceanic Languages'''&lt;br /&gt;
    |list5={{Navbox&lt;br /&gt;
    |groupstyle=background:#EDE1CC&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
        |group1='''Inner Oceanic'''&lt;br /&gt;
        |list1=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Naga Language|Southern Nagese]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Naga Language|Northern Nagese]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
        |group2='''Outer Oceanic'''&lt;br /&gt;
        |list2=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Merfolk Language|Jotha Merfolkish]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Merfolk Language|Bay of Pearls Merfolkish]]&lt;br /&gt;
    }}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    |group6='''Minor Languages'''&lt;br /&gt;
    |list6=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Gryphon Language|Gryphonic]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Troll Language|Trollic]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|group2='''Old Continent'''&lt;br /&gt;
|list2=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Wesfolkish|Wesfolkish]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|group3='''Proto-Languages'''&lt;br /&gt;
|list3=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Green Isle Wesnothi|Green Isle Wesnothi]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Old Elvish|Old Elvish]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Old Dwarvish|Old Dwarvish]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Templates]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Languages_of_Wesnoth&amp;diff=75489</id>
		<title>Languages of Wesnoth</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Languages_of_Wesnoth&amp;diff=75489"/>
		<updated>2026-07-04T10:23:14Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: Fixed table formating&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Translations}}&lt;br /&gt;
The world of Wesnoth is as rich in languages as it is in all sorts of creatures and races that inhabit it. Although fieldwork in distant lands is never easy, many mages from the Great Academy on Alduin as well as other scholars from Weldyn and Elensefar have managed to assemble impressive archives full of manuscripts on the various languages ​​of Irdya. Most of them date back to the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#628-673_YW:_The_Silver_Age_of_Wesnoth|Silver Age of Wesnoth (628-673 YW)]] and the peaceful reign of [[CharactersStorys#Konrad_II|Konrad II]], which sparked a minor scientific renaissance in the kingdom, reviving the level of interest in linguistics among the scholars seen before only during the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#200-350 YW: The Golden Age of Wesnoth|Golden Age of Wesnoth (200-350 YW)]].&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;tright&amp;quot;&amp;gt;__TOC__&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== Human Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
While human languages can’t be called a fully-fledged language family like Elvish or Oceanic, they still get grouped together due to their shared history.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Wesnothian Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The wesnothian language is the most well-studied one of all the languages of the Great Continent. It can be said to have the highest number of speakers as well, if one doesn't count the vast diversity of orcish dialects as one language.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Notable phonological features of the wesnothian language include the isolated voiced stops, lack of fricatives (although intervocalic lenition is widespread, when voiceless consonants undergo spirantization), a voiceless liquid series as well as complete lack of [j] and [w], even in diphthongs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Coronal !! Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| k g gʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
| ʋ&lt;br /&gt;
| l̥ l&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| r̥ r&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Front !! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! tns. !! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | lax !! tns.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i || ɪ || ʊ || u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e || ɛ~æ || ɞ || o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; | a&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Phonemes /t/, /k/ and /l̥/ lenite intervocalically, turning into [θ], [x] and [ɬ] respectively. /r̥/ only occurs word-initially. /k/ has an allophone [kʷ], which occurs after a liquid and before a back vowel (including /a/). Vowels next to each other are in hiatus and are never pronounced as diphthongs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The main writing system used to write wesnothian is the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#51_YW|steel-hand alphabet]] implemented during the reign of Haldric II and later adopted by many other races to write their own languages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Wesnothian alphabet'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || B b || C c || D d || E e || G g || H h || I i || K k || L l&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /b/ || /k/ || /d/ || /e/ || /g/ || ∅ || /i/ || [kʷ] || /l/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| M m || N n || O o || R r || S s || T t || U u || V v || W w || Y y&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /m/ || /n/ || /o/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /ʊ/ || /ʋ/ || /u/ || /ɪ/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraphs ⟨ae⟩ and ⟨eo⟩ are used to represent /ɛ/ and /ɞ/ respectively. Voiceless liquids /l̥/ and /r̥/ are written as ⟨ll⟩ and ⟨rh⟩. Despite not being full-fledged phonemes, allophones [θ] and [kʷ] tend to be written separately as ⟨th⟩ and ⟨k⟩ respectively. ⟨th⟩ also appears word-finally, where it's read as a normal [t] (the orthographic tradition of Wesnoth tends to prefer historical spellings instead of phonetic ones).&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
=== Dunefolkish Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Despite being one of the major languages of the Great Continent, dunefolkish remains one of the least studied languages in Irdya due to its complex non-concatenative morphology and typologically unusual consonant inventory.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Coronal !! Velar !! Uvular !! Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !!  Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i || u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Near-close&lt;br /&gt;
| ɪ || ʊ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close-mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e || o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open-mid&lt;br /&gt;
| ɛ~æ || ɞ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== Elvish Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The elvish language family includes two major branches: southern and northern elvish, commonly referred to as the Aethenwood and Lintanir Elvish respectively. Although the degree of mutual intelligibility among these two is high, scholars still prefer to call these two different languages due to several differing morphological features and syntax peculiarities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Aethenwood Elvish ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This elvish variety is spoken by the elves of Aethenwood and its surrounding areas, which include the Southwood and the Black Forest.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Aethenwood Elvish posesses a unique unstable vowel system, characterised by an ATR distinction instead of length, which is more common in the sprachbund of the Great Continent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Coronal !! Dorsal !! Labio-&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;velar&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
| p b&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
| kʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| f v&lt;br /&gt;
| s ð&lt;br /&gt;
| x ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ɾ l&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| w&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Central !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i ɪ || ʉ || ʊ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | e || ɵ || rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| ə&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ɛ || rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ʌ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Elves, just like dwarves, use two writing systems: one in dealings with the humans and another domestically.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Elvish alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || Á á || B b || C c || D d || E e || É é || F f || G g || H h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ʌ/ || /a/ || /b/ || /k/ || /d/ || /ə/ || /e/ || /f/ || /g/ || /x/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| I i || Í í || L l || M m || N n || O o || Ó ó || P p || Q q || R r&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ɪ/ || /i/ || /l/ || /m/ || /n/ || /o/ || /ɵ/ || /p/ || ∅ || /ɾ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| S s || T t || U u  || Ú ú || V v || W w || Y y || Ý ý || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Æ æ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /s/ || /t/ || /ʊ/ || /ʉ/ || /v/ || /w/ || /ɪ/ || /i/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /ɛ/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;8&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Elvish alphabet''' (elvish)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ა || ბ || გ || დ || ე || ვ || ზ || ჱ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ʌ/ || /b/ || /g/ || /d/ || /ə/ || /v/ || /ð/ || /ɛ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| თ || ი || კ || ლ || მ || ნ || ო || რ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /t/ || /ɪ/ || /kʷ/ || /l/ || /m/ || /n/ || /o/ || /ɾ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ს || ჳ || უ || ფ || ქ || ღ  || ხ || ჶ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /s/ || /w/ || /ʊ/ || /p/ || /k/ || /ɣ/ || /x/ || /f/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; | ჼ || colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; | /◌˖/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraphs ⟨th⟩, ⟨qu⟩ and ⟨ae⟩ are used to represent /ð/, /kʷ/ and /ɛ/ in the steel-hand alphabet. The latter can also be written as a single letter ⟨æ⟩. /g/ and /ɣ/ are in complementary distrubution and are therefore written as ⟨g⟩. ⟨y⟩ and ⟨ý⟩ are used instead of ⟨i⟩ and ⟨í⟩ if there is a front vowel in the next syllable, showing a historical distinction that has since vanished. ⟨ჼ⟩ is a so-called &amp;quot;fronting sign&amp;quot;, playing the same role as the acute accent in the steel-hand alphabet, which fronts the vowel it is after, turning /ɪ/, /ʊ/, /ə/, /o/ and /ʌ/ into /i/, /ʉ/, /e/, /ɵ/ and /a/ respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Dwarvish Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Knalga Dwarvish ===&lt;br /&gt;
The Dwarvish language is spoken by the dwarves of the Heart Mountains and is one of the most well-documented languages of the Great Continent, along with the Wesnothi and Aethenwood Elvish languages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
| p b&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| f&lt;br /&gt;
| θ&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ɫ&lt;br /&gt;
| r&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i || u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| ɛ || ɔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ai̯ au̯&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/ɫ/ is always a dark l and /r/ is always a trill.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The dwarves use two writing systems: a native runic one, the usage of which goes back to times long forgotten, when dwarves still lived underground, and a steel-hand one, adopted fairly recently. Runes are usually carved into architecture and used on special occasions, while the steel-hand alphabet is used in the daily life and on paper.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Dwarvish alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || B b || C c || D d || E e || F f || G g || H h || I i&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /b/ || /k/ || /d/ || /ɛ/ || /f/ || /g/ || ∅ || /i/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| L l || M m || N n || O o || P p || R r || S s || T t || U u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ɫ/ || /m/ || /n/ || /ɔ/ || /p/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /u/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;11&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Dwarvish alphabet''' (runic)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ᚠ || ᚢ || ᚦ || ᚨ || ᚱ || ᚲ || ᚷ || ᚾ || ᛁ || ᛃ || ᛈ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /f/ || /u/ || /θ/ || /a/ || /r/ || /k/ || /g/ || /n/ || /i/ || /j/ || /p/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ᛋ || ᛊ || ᛏ || ᛒ || ᛖ || ᛗ || ᛚ || ᛜ || ᛟ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ᛞ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /s/ || /t͡s/ || /t/ || /b/ || /ɛ/ || /m/ || /ɫ/ || /ŋ/ || /ɔ/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /d/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
⟨h⟩ is only used in the digraph ⟨th⟩ to represent /θ/. /t͡s/ and /ŋ/ are written as ⟨ts⟩ and ⟨ng⟩ in the steel-hand alphabet. /j/ only appears in diphthongs and is represented by ⟨i⟩ and ⟨ᛃ⟩ respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Drake Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Drake languages ​​form a dialect continuum stretching from the volcanic islands of the Great Ocean (urheimat to the drake languages as a whole) to the eastern reaches of the Heart Mountains, with a fairly high level of mutual intelligibility in the Far North of the Great Continent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Continental Drakish ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The umbrella term &amp;quot;Continental Drakish&amp;quot; refers to all the varieties of drake languages spoken on the Great Continent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Coronal !! Post-&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;alveolar !! Velar !! Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
| ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| v&lt;br /&gt;
| θ s&lt;br /&gt;
| ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Liquid&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| r l&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i || u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e || o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | au̯&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Presumably, all consonants can be geminated and all vowels have a corresponding nasal variant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
* All phonemes are orthographically represented the same way they are in english, except for /ʔ/, which is written as an apostrophe ⟨'⟩.&lt;br /&gt;
* Final ⟨hn⟩ serves as a nasalization marker.&lt;br /&gt;
* Final ⟨é⟩ indicates the vowel is spoken rather than modifying a medial vowel (there is no silent final 'e' in the language).&lt;br /&gt;
* Word-final ⟨ck⟩ has the value /k/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Drake alphabet'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| A a || B b || C c || D d || E e || G g || I i || K k || L l&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /b/ || /k/ || /d/ || /e/ || /g/ || /i/ || /k/ || /l/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| M m || N n || O o || R r || S s || T t || U u || V v || Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /m/ || /n/ || /o/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /u/ || /v/ || /z/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Oceanic Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The oceanic language family includes two major branches: outer and inner oceanic, commonly referred to as the &amp;quot;merfolk&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;naga&amp;quot; branches respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Merfolk Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The language of the merfolk is primarily spoken in the Bay of Pearls and the area around Jotha and Tirigaz, although minor merfolk settlements can be found all over the shores of the Great Continent from the Far North to the deserts of the south.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Notable features of the merfolk language's phonology include the four long vowel variants, widespread vowel hiatus, a large amount of fricatives as well as a voiceless approximant series (/ç/ and /h/ are considered to actually be [j̊] and [ʍ] by some scholars).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Palatal !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Stop&lt;br /&gt;
| p b&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| c&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| f v&lt;br /&gt;
| θ ð&lt;br /&gt;
| s z&lt;br /&gt;
| ç&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| l̥ l&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| w&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| r&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! unr. || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | rounded&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| ɪ iː || ʏ yː&lt;br /&gt;
| ʊ uː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e ||&lt;br /&gt;
| o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; | a aː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; | ai̯&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Most mermen live in isolation in the shallow waters of the Great Ocean and use their own script. During the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#417-530_YW:_The_Turmoil_of_Asheviere|Turmoil of Asheviere]], however, many coastal merfolk picked a side in the conflict and integrated into human army structures, adopting the wesnothian steel-hand with it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;7&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Merfolk alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || Ā ā || B b || C c || D d || E e || G g&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /aː/ || /b/ || /c/ || /d/ || /ɛ/ || /g/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| H h || I i || Ī ī || J j || K k || L l || M m&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /h/ || /ɪ/ || /iː/ || /j/ || /k/ || /l/ || /m/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| N n || O o || P p || R r || S s || T t || U u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /n/ || /ɔ/ || /p/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /ʊ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Ū ū || V v || W w || Y y || Ȳ ȳ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /uː/ || /v/ || /w/ || /ʏ/ || /yː/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /z/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;8&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Merfolk alphabet''' (merfolk script)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Α α || Ᾱ ᾱ || Β β || Γ γ || Δ δ || Ε ε || Ζ ζ || Θ θ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /aː/ || /v/ || /g/ || /ð/ || /ɛ/ || /z/ || /θ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Ι ι || Ῑ ῑ || Κ κ || Λ λ || Μ μ || Ν ν || Ο ο || Π π&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ɪ/ || /iː/ || /k/ || /l/ || /m/ || /n/ || /ɔ/ || /p/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Ρ ρ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Σ σ/ς || Τ τ || Υ υ || Ῡ ῡ || Φ φ || Χ χ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /r/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /s/ || /t/ || /ʏ/ || /yː/ || /f/ || /h/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraphs ⟨ll/λλ⟩, ⟨ββ⟩, ⟨ph⟩, ⟨th⟩, ⟨dh⟩, ⟨ch/χι⟩, ⟨kh⟩, ⟨κι⟩, ⟨μπ⟩, ⟨ντ⟩, ⟨ου⟩ and ⟨οῡ⟩ are used to represent the phonemes /l̥/, /w/, /f/, /θ/, /ð/, /ç/, [x], /c/, /b/, /d/, /ʊ/ and /uː/ respectively. The grapheme ⟨ι⟩ is also used to represent /j/, as well as palatalization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Naga Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The naga language is particularly widespread in the regions of the Sleepless Sea and the Bay of Clouds, far beyond the reach of the Kingdom of Wesnoth. Substantial naga populations can be found in the Far North as well, particularly in the Black Marshes and the river delta of the Bork River, where they consistently clash with the local merfolk.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The phonology of the naga language appears to be typologically unusual in comparison to other languages of Irdya. It has several laterals, but no voiced [l]. The voicing distinction among obstruents is missing as well, unlike in its sister language. Details of the fortis-lenis distinction are still a matter of debate among the scholars of Wesnoth, as fieldwork in naga territory comes with considerable risks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
! Fortis&lt;br /&gt;
| p|b̥&lt;br /&gt;
| t|d̥&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k|ɡ̊&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Lenis&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Sibilant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s̻&lt;br /&gt;
| s̺&lt;br /&gt;
| ç~ɕ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ʋ&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ɾ&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i iː&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a aː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | eɪ̯ aɪ̯ i̯a&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The dorsal sibilant varies in pronunciation depending on the dialect. Voiced variants of lateral consonants appear intervocalically as allophones, as does the phone [v] as an allophone of /ʋ/ before an onset of a syllable.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Front vowels /i/, /e/ and /a/ tend to lenite into [ɪ], [ə] and [ɐ] when unstressed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although the majority of the naga prefer to use the script of the dunefolk, learned from them due to years of coexistence, several communities in the Far North tend to use the wesnothian steel-hand as well.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;7&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Naga alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || Ą ą || B b || D d || E e || G g || H h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /aː/ || /b̥/ || /d̥/ || /e/ || /ɡ̊/ || /x/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| I i || Į į || K k || L l || M m || N n || O o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /i/ || /iː/ || /k/ || /ɬ/ || /m/ || /n/ || /o/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| P p || R r || S s || T t || V v || X x || Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /p/ || /ɾ/ || /s̺/ || /t/ || /ʋ/ || /ɕ/ || /s̻/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Naga alphabet''' (dunefolk script)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ص || ش || س || ر || د || خ || ت || ب || ا&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /s̻/ || /ɕ/ || /s̺/ || /ɾ/ || /d̥/ || /x/ || /t/ || /b̥/ || /aː/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ي || و || ە || ن || م || ل || ك || غ || ط&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /iː/ || /ʋ/ || /e/ || /n/ || /m/ || /ɬ/ || /k/ || /ɡ̊/ || /t͡ɬ/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraph ⟨ll⟩ is used to represent /t͡ɬ/ in the steel-hand alphabet. Vowels /i/, /o, /a/ are typically not written in the dunefolk script, but can be represented with the diacritics ⟨ــِـ⟩, ⟨ــُـ⟩ and ⟨ــَـ⟩ respectively. ⟨i⟩ and ⟨ي⟩ also represent /j/ in diphthongs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Minor Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For various reasons, these languages ​​are the least studied in Irdya and more often than not have a limited number of speakers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Gryphon Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The gryphon language is spoken by the gryphons of the Gryphon Mountain and the surrounding gryphon populations nearing Knalga.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Due to the biological constraints the gryphons possess, the diversity of sounds they are able to make appears to be quite limited.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Stop&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| q ɢ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
! short&lt;br /&gt;
| s z&lt;br /&gt;
| ʂ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! gem.&lt;br /&gt;
| sː zː&lt;br /&gt;
| ʂː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
! short&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| r&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! gem.&lt;br /&gt;
| jː&lt;br /&gt;
| rː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Front !! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; | Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! short || long ||  short || long || overl.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i || iː || u || uː || uːː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e || eː || o || oː ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
|  ||  ||  a || aː || aːː&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The rhotic /r/ varies greatly in pronunciation, but is pronounced as [ɰ] by most of the speakers outside Gryphon Mountain, despite being analysed as a trill.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The gryphons themselves do not write their language down. For the purposes of keeping records and writing down names, the following alphabet is used in Wesnoth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Gryphon alphabet'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || E e || G g || I i || K k || O o || R r || S s || Y y || Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /e/ || /ɢ/ || /i/ || /q/ || /o/ || /r/ || /s/ || /j/ || /z/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraph ⟨sh⟩ is used for /ʂ/. Vowel length and gemination are represented by doubling/trippling the corresponding letter (/ʂː/ is written as ⟨sshh⟩).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Troll Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Coronal !! Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
| pʰ p b&lt;br /&gt;
| tʰ t d&lt;br /&gt;
| kʰ k g&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | f v&lt;br /&gt;
| s z ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | χ ʁ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
| ɫ&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !!  Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| ɛ || ʌ ɔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| a || ɒ&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Wesnothian alphabet'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || Ä ä || B b || D d || E e || F f || G g || H h || K k&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /ʌ/ || /b/ || /d/ || /e/ || /f/ || /g/ || /χ/ || /k/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| L l || O o || R r || S s || T t || U u || Ü ü || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | V v&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ɫ/ || /ɒ/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /u/ || /ɔ/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /v/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
⟨h⟩ after a stop consonant represents aspiration. Digraphs ⟨ts⟩, ⟨sh⟩ and ⟨gh⟩ represent /t͡s/, /ʃ/ and /ʁ/ respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See Also ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Races]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[CampaignDialogue|Campaign Dialogue]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:World of Wesnoth]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Template:Languages&amp;diff=75488</id>
		<title>Template:Languages</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Template:Languages&amp;diff=75488"/>
		<updated>2026-07-04T10:01:44Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Navbox&lt;br /&gt;
|name=Languages&lt;br /&gt;
|style=background:#F8EAD1; margin: 0.5em auto; text-align: center; border:1px #E4BC7B solid; width:90%&lt;br /&gt;
|bodystyle=background:#F8EAD1&lt;br /&gt;
|titlestyle=background:#F2DEB6; margin: 0.5em auto; text-align: center; width:100%&lt;br /&gt;
|abovestyle=background:#EDE1CC&lt;br /&gt;
|groupstyle=background:#EDE1CC&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|title=''[[Languages of Wesnoth]]''&lt;br /&gt;
|above=Author: [[User:Alexinor|Alexinor]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|group1='''Great Continent'''&lt;br /&gt;
|list1={{Navbox&lt;br /&gt;
|groupstyle=background:#EDE1CC&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    |group1='''Human Languages'''&lt;br /&gt;
    |list1=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Wesnothian Language|Wesnothian]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Dunefolkish|Dunefolkish]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    |group2='''Elvish Languages'''&lt;br /&gt;
    |list2={{Navbox&lt;br /&gt;
    |groupstyle=background:#EDE1CC&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
        |group1='''Northern Elvish'''&lt;br /&gt;
        |list1=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Upper Lintanir Elvish|Upper Lintanir Elvish]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Lower Lintanir Elvish|Lower Lintanir Elvish]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
        |group2='''Southern Elvish'''&lt;br /&gt;
        |list2=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Aethenwood Elvish|Aethenwood Elvish]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Southwood Elvish|Southwood Elvish]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Black Forest Elvish|Black Forest Elvish]]&lt;br /&gt;
    }}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    |group3='''Dwarvish Languages'''&lt;br /&gt;
    |list3=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Knalga Dwarvish|Knalga Dwarvish]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Dorth Dwarvish|Dorth Dwarvish]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    |group4='''Drake Languages'''&lt;br /&gt;
    |list4=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Continental Drake|Continental Drake]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Archipelago Drake|Archipelago Drake]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    |group5='''Oceanic Languages'''&lt;br /&gt;
    |list5={{Navbox&lt;br /&gt;
    |groupstyle=background:#EDE1CC&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
        |group1='''Inner Oceanic'''&lt;br /&gt;
        |list1=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Naga Language|Southern Nagese]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Naga Language|Northern Nagese]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
        |group2='''Outer Oceanic'''&lt;br /&gt;
        |list2=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Merfolk Language|Jotha Merfolkish]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Merfolk Language|Bay of Pearls Merfolkish]]&lt;br /&gt;
    }}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    |group5='''Minor Languages'''&lt;br /&gt;
    |list5=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Gryphon Language|Gryphonic]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Troll Language|Trollic]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|group2='''Old Continent'''&lt;br /&gt;
|list2=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Wesfolkish|Wesfolkish]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|group3='''Proto-Languages'''&lt;br /&gt;
|list3=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Green Isle Wesnothi|Green Isle Wesnothi]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Old Elvish|Old Elvish]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Old Dwarvish|Old Dwarvish]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Templates]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Languages_of_Wesnoth&amp;diff=75487</id>
		<title>Languages of Wesnoth</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Languages_of_Wesnoth&amp;diff=75487"/>
		<updated>2026-07-04T09:57:42Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: Added Wesnothian &amp;amp; Troll languages&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Translations}}&lt;br /&gt;
The world of Wesnoth is as rich in languages as it is in all sorts of creatures and races that inhabit it. Although fieldwork in distant lands is never easy, many mages from the Great Academy on Alduin as well as other scholars from Weldyn and Elensefar have managed to assemble impressive archives full of manuscripts on the various languages ​​of Irdya. Most of them date back to the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#628-673_YW:_The_Silver_Age_of_Wesnoth|Silver Age of Wesnoth (628-673 YW)]] and the peaceful reign of [[CharactersStorys#Konrad_II|Konrad II]], which sparked a minor scientific renaissance in the kingdom, reviving the level of interest in linguistics among the scholars seen before only during the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#200-350 YW: The Golden Age of Wesnoth|Golden Age of Wesnoth (200-350 YW)]].&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;tright&amp;quot;&amp;gt;__TOC__&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== Human Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Not a language family per se, human languages still get grouped together due to their shared history.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Wesnothian Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The wesnothian language is the most well-studied one of all the languages of the Great Continent. It can be said to have the highest number of speakers as well, if one doesn't count the vast diversity of orcish dialects as one language.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Notable phonological features of the wesnothian language include the isolated voiced stops, lack of fricatives (although intervocalic lenition is widespread, when voiceless consonants undergo spirantization), a voiceless liquid series as well as complete lack of [j] and [w], even in diphthongs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Coronal !! Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| k g gʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
| ʋ&lt;br /&gt;
| l̥ l&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| r̥ r&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Front !! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! tns. !! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | lax !! tns.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i || ɪ || ʊ || u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e || ɛ~æ || ɞ || o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; | a&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Phonemes /t/, /k/ and /l̥/ lenite intervocalically, turning into [θ], [x] and [ɬ] respectively. /r̥/ only occurs word-initially. /k/ has an allophone [kʷ], which occurs after a liquid and before a back vowel (including /a/). Vowels next to each other are in hiatus and are never pronounced as diphthongs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The main writing system used to write wesnothian is the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#51_YW|steel-hand alphabet]] implemented during the reign of Haldric II and later adopted by many other races to write their own languages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Wesnothian alphabet'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || B b || C c || D d || E e || G g || H h || I i || K k || L l&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /b/ || /k/ || /d/ || /e/ || /g/ || ∅ || /i/ || [kʷ] || /l/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| M m || N n || O o || R r || S s || T t || U u || V v || W w || Y y&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /m/ || /n/ || /o/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /ʊ/ || /ʋ/ || /u/ || /ɪ/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraphs ⟨ae⟩ and ⟨eo⟩ are used to represent /ɛ/ and /ɞ/ respectively. Voiceless liquids /l̥/ and /r̥/ are written as ⟨ll⟩ and ⟨rh⟩. Despite not being full-fledged phonemes, allophones [θ] and [kʷ] tend to be written separately as ⟨th⟩ and ⟨k⟩ respectively. ⟨th⟩ also appears word-finally, where it's read as a normal [t] (the orthographic tradition of Wesnoth tends to prefer historical spellings instead of phonetic ones).&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--&lt;br /&gt;
=== Dunefolkish Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Despite being one of the major languages of the Great Continent, dunefolkish remains one of the least studied languages in Irdya due to its complex non-concatenative morphology and typologically unusual consonant inventory.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Coronal !! Velar !! Uvular !! Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !!  Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i || u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Near-close&lt;br /&gt;
| ɪ || ʊ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close-mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e || o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open-mid&lt;br /&gt;
| ɛ~æ || ɞ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== Elvish Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The elvish language family includes two major branches: southern and northern elvish, commonly referred to as the Aethenwood and Lintanir Elvish respectively. Although the degree of mutual intelligibility among these two is high, scholars still prefer to call these two different languages due to several differing morphological features and syntax peculiarities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Aethenwood Elvish ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This elvish variety is spoken by the elves of Aethenwood and its surrounding areas, which include the Southwood and the Black Forest.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Aethenwood Elvish posesses a unique unstable vowel system, characterised by an ATR distinction instead of length, which is more common in the sprachbund of the Great Continent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Coronal !! Dorsal !! Labio-&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;velar&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
| p b&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
| kʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| f v&lt;br /&gt;
| s ð&lt;br /&gt;
| x ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ɾ l&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| w&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Central !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i ɪ || ʉ || ʊ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | e || ɵ || rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| ə&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ɛ || rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ʌ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Elves, just like dwarves, use two writing systems: one in dealings with the humans and another domestically.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Elvish alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || Á á || B b || C c || D d || E e || É é || F f || G g || H h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ʌ/ || /a/ || /b/ || /k/ || /d/ || /ə/ || /e/ || /f/ || /g/ || /x/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| I i || Í í || L l || M m || N n || O o || Ó ó || P p || Q q || R r&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ɪ/ || /i/ || /l/ || /m/ || /n/ || /o/ || /ɵ/ || /p/ || ∅ || /ɾ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| S s || T t || U u  || Ú ú || V v || W w || Y y || Ý ý || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Æ æ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /s/ || /t/ || /ʊ/ || /ʉ/ || /v/ || /w/ || /ɪ/ || /i/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /ɛ/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;8&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Elvish alphabet''' (elvish)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ა || ბ || გ || დ || ე || ვ || ზ || ჱ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ʌ/ || /b/ || /g/ || /d/ || /ə/ || /v/ || /ð/ || /ɛ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| თ || ი || კ || ლ || მ || ნ || ო || რ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /t/ || /ɪ/ || /kʷ/ || /l/ || /m/ || /n/ || /o/ || /ɾ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ს || ჳ || უ || ფ || ქ || ღ  || ხ || ჶ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /s/ || /w/ || /ʊ/ || /p/ || /k/ || /ɣ/ || /x/ || /f/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; | ჼ || colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; | /◌˖/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraphs ⟨th⟩, ⟨qu⟩ and ⟨ae⟩ are used to represent /ð/, /kʷ/ and /ɛ/ in the steel-hand alphabet. The latter can also be written as a single letter ⟨æ⟩. /g/ and /ɣ/ are in complementary distrubution and are therefore written as ⟨g⟩. ⟨y⟩ and ⟨ý⟩ are used instead of ⟨i⟩ and ⟨í⟩ if there is a front vowel in the next syllable, showing a historical distinction that has since vanished. ⟨ჼ⟩ is a so-called &amp;quot;fronting sign&amp;quot;, playing the same role as the acute accent in the steel-hand alphabet, which fronts the vowel it is after, turning /ɪ/, /ʊ/, /ə/, /o/ and /ʌ/ into /i/, /ʉ/, /e/, /ɵ/ and /a/ respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Dwarvish Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Knalga Dwarvish ===&lt;br /&gt;
The Dwarvish language is spoken by the dwarves of the Heart Mountains and is one of the most well-documented languages of the Great Continent, along with the Wesnothi and Aethenwood Elvish languages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
| p b&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| f&lt;br /&gt;
| θ&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ɫ&lt;br /&gt;
| r&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i || u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| ɛ || ɔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ai̯ au̯&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/ɫ/ is always a dark l and /r/ is always a trill.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The dwarves use two writing systems: a native runic one, the usage of which goes back to times long forgotten, when dwarves still lived underground, and a steel-hand one, adopted fairly recently. Runes are usually carved into architecture and used on special occasions, while the steel-hand alphabet is used in the daily life and on paper.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Dwarvish alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || B b || C c || D d || E e || F f || G g || H h || I i&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /b/ || /k/ || /d/ || /ɛ/ || /f/ || /g/ || ∅ || /i/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| L l || M m || N n || O o || P p || R r || S s || T t || U u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ɫ/ || /m/ || /n/ || /ɔ/ || /p/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /u/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;11&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Dwarvish alphabet''' (runic)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ᚠ || ᚢ || ᚦ || ᚨ || ᚱ || ᚲ || ᚷ || ᚾ || ᛁ || ᛃ || ᛈ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /f/ || /u/ || /θ/ || /a/ || /r/ || /k/ || /g/ || /n/ || /i/ || /j/ || /p/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ᛋ || ᛊ || ᛏ || ᛒ || ᛖ || ᛗ || ᛚ || ᛜ || ᛟ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ᛞ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /s/ || /t͡s/ || /t/ || /b/ || /ɛ/ || /m/ || /ɫ/ || /ŋ/ || /ɔ/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /d/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
⟨h⟩ is only used in the digraph ⟨th⟩ to represent /θ/. /t͡s/ and /ŋ/ are written as ⟨ts⟩ and ⟨ng⟩ in the steel-hand alphabet. /j/ only appears in diphthongs and is represented by ⟨i⟩ and ⟨ᛃ⟩ respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Drake Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Drake languages ​​form a dialect continuum stretching from the volcanic islands of the Great Ocean (urheimat to the drake languages as a whole) to the eastern reaches of the Heart Mountains, with a fairly high level of mutual intelligibility in the Far North of the Great Continent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Continental Drakish ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The umbrella term &amp;quot;Continental Drakish&amp;quot; refers to all the varieties of drake languages spoken on the Great Continent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Coronal !! Post-&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;alveolar !! Velar !! Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
| ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| v&lt;br /&gt;
| θ s&lt;br /&gt;
| ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Liquid&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| r l&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i || u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e || o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | au̯&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Presumably, all consonants can be geminated and all vowels have a corresponding nasal variant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
* All phonemes are orthographically represented the same way they are in english, except for /ʔ/, which is written as an apostrophe ⟨'⟩.&lt;br /&gt;
* Final ⟨hn⟩ serves as a nasalization marker.&lt;br /&gt;
* Final ⟨é⟩ indicates the vowel is spoken rather than modifying a medial vowel (there is no silent final 'e' in the language).&lt;br /&gt;
* Word-final ⟨ck⟩ has the value /k/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Drake alphabet'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| A a || B b || C c || D d || E e || G g || I i || K k || L l&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /b/ || /k/ || /d/ || /e/ || /g/ || /i/ || /k/ || /l/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| M m || N n || O o || R r || S s || T t || U u || V v || Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /m/ || /n/ || /o/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /u/ || /v/ || /z/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Oceanic Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The oceanic language family includes two major branches: outer and inner oceanic, commonly referred to as the &amp;quot;merfolk&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;naga&amp;quot; branches respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Merfolk Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The language of the merfolk is primarily spoken in the Bay of Pearls and the area around Jotha and Tirigaz, although minor merfolk settlements can be found all over the shores of the Great Continent from the Far North to the deserts of the south.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Notable features of the merfolk language's phonology include the four long vowel variants, widespread vowel hiatus, a large amount of fricatives as well as a voiceless approximant series (/ç/ and /h/ are considered to actually be [j̊] and [ʍ] by some scholars).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Palatal !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Stop&lt;br /&gt;
| p b&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| c&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| f v&lt;br /&gt;
| θ ð&lt;br /&gt;
| s z&lt;br /&gt;
| ç&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| l̥ l&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| w&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| r&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! unr. || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | rounded&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| ɪ iː || ʏ yː&lt;br /&gt;
| ʊ uː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e ||&lt;br /&gt;
| o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; | a aː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; | ai̯&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Most mermen live in isolation in the shallow waters of the Great Ocean and use their own script. During the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#417-530_YW:_The_Turmoil_of_Asheviere|Turmoil of Asheviere]], however, many coastal merfolk picked a side in the conflict and integrated into human army structures, adopting the wesnothian steel-hand with it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;7&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Merfolk alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || Ā ā || B b || C c || D d || E e || G g&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /aː/ || /b/ || /c/ || /d/ || /ɛ/ || /g/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| H h || I i || Ī ī || J j || K k || L l || M m&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /h/ || /ɪ/ || /iː/ || /j/ || /k/ || /l/ || /m/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| N n || O o || P p || R r || S s || T t || U u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /n/ || /ɔ/ || /p/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /ʊ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Ū ū || V v || W w || Y y || Ȳ ȳ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /uː/ || /v/ || /w/ || /ʏ/ || /yː/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /z/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;8&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Merfolk alphabet''' (merfolk script)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Α α || Ᾱ ᾱ || Β β || Γ γ || Δ δ || Ε ε || Ζ ζ || Θ θ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /aː/ || /v/ || /g/ || /ð/ || /ɛ/ || /z/ || /θ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Ι ι || Ῑ ῑ || Κ κ || Λ λ || Μ μ || Ν ν || Ο ο || Π π&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ɪ/ || /iː/ || /k/ || /l/ || /m/ || /n/ || /ɔ/ || /p/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Ρ ρ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Σ σ/ς || Τ τ || Υ υ || Ῡ ῡ || Φ φ || Χ χ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /r/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /s/ || /t/ || /ʏ/ || /yː/ || /f/ || /h/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraphs ⟨ll/λλ⟩, ⟨ββ⟩, ⟨ph⟩, ⟨th⟩, ⟨dh⟩, ⟨ch/χι⟩, ⟨kh⟩, ⟨κι⟩, ⟨μπ⟩, ⟨ντ⟩, ⟨ου⟩ and ⟨οῡ⟩ are used to represent the phonemes /l̥/, /w/, /f/, /θ/, /ð/, /ç/, [x], /c/, /b/, /d/, /ʊ/ and /uː/ respectively. The grapheme ⟨ι⟩ is also used to represent /j/, as well as palatalization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Naga Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The naga language is particularly widespread in the regions of the Sleepless Sea and the Bay of Clouds, far beyond the reach of the Kingdom of Wesnoth. Substantial naga populations can be found in the Far North as well, particularly in the Black Marshes and the river delta of the Bork River, where they consistently clash with the local merfolk.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The phonology of the naga language appears to be typologically unusual in comparison to other languages of Irdya. It has several laterals, but no voiced [l]. The voicing distinction among obstruents is missing as well, unlike in its sister language. Details of the fortis-lenis distinction are still a matter of debate among the scholars of Wesnoth, as fieldwork in naga territory comes with considerable risks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
! Fortis&lt;br /&gt;
| p|b̥&lt;br /&gt;
| t|d̥&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k|ɡ̊&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Lenis&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Sibilant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s̻&lt;br /&gt;
| s̺&lt;br /&gt;
| ç~ɕ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ʋ&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ɾ&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i iː&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a aː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | eɪ̯ aɪ̯ i̯a&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The dorsal sibilant varies in pronunciation depending on the dialect. Voiced variants of lateral consonants appear intervocalically as allophones, as does the phone [v] as an allophone of /ʋ/ before an onset of a syllable.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Front vowels /i/, /e/ and /a/ tend to lenite into [ɪ], [ə] and [ɐ] when unstressed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although the majority of the naga prefer to use the script of the dunefolk, learned from them due to years of coexistence, several communities in the Far North tend to use the wesnothian steel-hand as well.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;7&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Naga alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || Ą ą || B b || D d || E e || G g || H h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /aː/ || /b̥/ || /d̥/ || /e/ || /ɡ̊/ || /x/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| I i || Į į || K k || L l || M m || N n || O o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /i/ || /iː/ || /k/ || /ɬ/ || /m/ || /n/ || /o/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| P p || R r || S s || T t || V v || X x || Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /p/ || /ɾ/ || /s̺/ || /t/ || /ʋ/ || /ɕ/ || /s̻/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Naga alphabet''' (dunefolk script)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ص || ش || س || ر || د || خ || ت || ب || ا&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /s̻/ || /ɕ/ || /s̺/ || /ɾ/ || /d̥/ || /x/ || /t/ || /b̥/ || /aː/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ي || و || ە || ن || م || ل || ك || غ || ط&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /iː/ || /ʋ/ || /e/ || /n/ || /m/ || /ɬ/ || /k/ || /ɡ̊/ || /t͡ɬ/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraph ⟨ll⟩ is used to represent /t͡ɬ/ in the steel-hand alphabet. Vowels /i/, /o, /a/ are typically not written in the dunefolk script, but can be represented with the diacritics ⟨ــِـ⟩, ⟨ــُـ⟩ and ⟨ــَـ⟩ respectively. ⟨i⟩ and ⟨ي⟩ also represent /j/ in diphthongs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Minor Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
For various reasons, these languages ​​are the least studied in Irdya and more often than not have a limited number of speakers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Gryphon Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The gryphon language is spoken by the gryphons of the Gryphon Mountain and the surrounding gryphon populations nearing Knalga.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Due to the biological constraints the gryphons possess, the diversity of sounds they are able to make appears to be quite limited.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Stop&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| q ɢ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
! short&lt;br /&gt;
| s z&lt;br /&gt;
| ʂ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! gem.&lt;br /&gt;
| sː zː&lt;br /&gt;
| ʂː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
! short&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| r&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! gem.&lt;br /&gt;
| jː&lt;br /&gt;
| rː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Front !! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; | Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! short || long ||  short || long || overl.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i || iː || u || uː || uːː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e || eː || o || oː ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
|  ||  ||  a || aː || aːː&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The rhotic /r/ varies greatly in pronunciation, but is pronounced as [ɰ] by most of the speakers outside Gryphon Mountain, despite being analysed as a trill.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The gryphons themselves do not write their language down. For the purposes of keeping records and writing down names, the following alphabet is used in Wesnoth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Gryphon alphabet'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || E e || G g || I i || K k || O o || R r || S s || Y y || Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /e/ || /ɢ/ || /i/ || /q/ || /o/ || /r/ || /s/ || /j/ || /z/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraph ⟨sh⟩ is used for /ʂ/. Vowel length and gemination are represented by doubling/trippling the corresponding letter (/ʂː/ is written as ⟨sshh⟩).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Troll Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Coronal !! Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
| pʰ p b&lt;br /&gt;
| tʰ t d&lt;br /&gt;
| kʰ k g&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Affricate&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | f v&lt;br /&gt;
| s z ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | χ ʁ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
| ɫ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !!  Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| ɛ || ʌ ɔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| a || ɒ&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Wesnothian alphabet'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || Ä ä || B b || D d || E e || F f || G g || H h || K k&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /ʌ/ || /b/ || /d/ || /e/ || /f/ || /g/ || /χ/ || /k/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| L l || O o || R r || S s || T t || U u || Ü ü || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | V v&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ɫ/ || /ɒ/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /u/ || /ɔ/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /v/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
⟨h⟩ after a stop consonant represents aspiration. Digraphs ⟨ts⟩, ⟨sh⟩ and ⟨gh⟩ represent /t͡s/, /ʃ/ and /ʁ/ respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See Also ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Races]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[CampaignDialogue|Campaign Dialogue]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:World of Wesnoth]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_Language/ru&amp;diff=75486</id>
		<title>Template:Infobox Language/ru</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_Language/ru&amp;diff=75486"/>
		<updated>2026-07-04T07:58:28Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: Created page with &amp;quot;&amp;lt;onlyinclude&amp;gt; &amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;thumb tright&amp;quot;&amp;gt; &amp;lt;div&amp;gt; {| class=&amp;quot;infobox bordered&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width: 25em; text-align: left;&amp;quot; |- | colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align:center; font-size: large;&amp;quot;...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;onlyinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;thumb tright&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;infobox bordered&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width: 25em; text-align: left;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align:center; font-size: large;&amp;quot; | '''{{{name}}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align:center;&amp;quot; | '''{{{altname}}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align:center;&amp;quot; | '''{{{nativename}}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align:center;&amp;quot; | [[Image:{{{image}}}|300px| ]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{{caption}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! '''Произношение'''&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
{{{pronunciation}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! '''Эра'''&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
{{{era}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! '''Регион'''&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
{{{region}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! '''Языковая семья'''&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
{{{family}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! '''Ранняя форма'''&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
{{{protoname}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! '''Литературная форма'''&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
{{{standards}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! '''Диалекты'''&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
{{{dialects}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! '''Письмо'''&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
{{{script}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align:center;&amp;quot; | [[Image:{{{map}}}|300px| ]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{{mapcaption}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align:center;&amp;quot; | [[Image:{{{map2}}}|300px| ]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{{mapcaption2}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size: smaller;&amp;quot; | {{{footnotes}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/onlyinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;{{Template}}&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_Language&amp;diff=75485</id>
		<title>Template:Infobox Language</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Template:Infobox_Language&amp;diff=75485"/>
		<updated>2026-07-04T07:54:28Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: Created page with &amp;quot;&amp;lt;onlyinclude&amp;gt; &amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;thumb tright&amp;quot;&amp;gt; &amp;lt;div&amp;gt; {| class=&amp;quot;infobox bordered&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width: 25em; text-align: left;&amp;quot; |- | colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align:center; font-size: large;&amp;quot;...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;onlyinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;thumb tright&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;infobox bordered&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;width: 25em; text-align: left;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align:center; font-size: large;&amp;quot; | '''{{{name}}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align:center;&amp;quot; | '''{{{altname}}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align:center;&amp;quot; | '''{{{nativename}}}'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align:center;&amp;quot; | [[Image:{{{image}}}|300px| ]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{{caption}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! '''Pronunciation'''&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
{{{pronunciation}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! '''Region'''&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
{{{era}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! '''Era'''&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
{{{region}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! '''Language family'''&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
{{{family}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! '''Early forms'''&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
{{{protoname}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! '''Standard forms'''&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
{{{standards}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! '''Dialects'''&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
{{{dialects}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;vertical-align:top;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! '''Writing system'''&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
{{{script}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align:center;&amp;quot; | [[Image:{{{map}}}|300px| ]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{{mapcaption}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align:center;&amp;quot; | [[Image:{{{map2}}}|300px| ]]&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;{{{mapcaption2}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size: smaller;&amp;quot; | {{{footnotes}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/onlyinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;{{Template}}&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Languages_of_Wesnoth&amp;diff=75480</id>
		<title>Languages of Wesnoth</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Languages_of_Wesnoth&amp;diff=75480"/>
		<updated>2026-07-03T10:02:25Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Translations}}&lt;br /&gt;
The world of Wesnoth is as rich in languages as it is in all sorts of creatures and races that inhabit it. Although fieldwork in distant lands is never easy, many mages from the Great Academy on Alduin as well as other scholars from Weldyn and Elensefar have managed to assemble impressive archives full of manuscripts on the various languages ​​of Irdya. Most of them date back to the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#628-673_YW:_The_Silver_Age_of_Wesnoth|Silver Age of Wesnoth (628-673 YW)]] and the peaceful reign of [[CharactersStorys#Konrad_II|Konrad II]], which sparked a minor scientific renaissance in the kingdom, reviving the level of interest in linguistics among the scholars seen before only during the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#200-350 YW: The Golden Age of Wesnoth|Golden Age of Wesnoth (200-350 YW)]].&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;tright&amp;quot;&amp;gt;__TOC__&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== Elvish Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The elvish language family includes two major branches: southern and northern elvish, commonly referred to as the Aethenwood and Lintanir Elvish respectively. Although the degree of mutual intelligibility among these two is high, scholars still prefer to call these two different languages due to several differing morphological features and syntax peculiarities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Aethenwood Elvish ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This elvish variety is spoken by the elves of Aethenwood and its surrounding areas, which include the Southwood and the Black Forest.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Aethenwood Elvish posesses a unique unstable vowel system, characterised by an ATR distinction instead of length, which is more common in the sprachbund of the Great Continent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Coronal !! Dorsal !! Labio-&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;velar&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
| p b&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
| kʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| f v&lt;br /&gt;
| s ð&lt;br /&gt;
| x ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ɾ l&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| w&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Central !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i ɪ || ʉ || ʊ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | e || ɵ || rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| ə&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ɛ || rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ʌ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Elves, just like dwarves, use two writing systems: one in dealings with the humans and another domestically.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Elvish alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || Á á || B b || C c || D d || E e || É é || F f || G g || H h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ʌ/ || /a/ || /b/ || /k/ || /d/ || /ə/ || /e/ || /f/ || /g/ || /x/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| I i || Í í || L l || M m || N n || O o || Ó ó || P p || Q q || R r&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ɪ/ || /i/ || /l/ || /m/ || /n/ || /o/ || /ɵ/ || /p/ || ∅ || /ɾ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| S s || T t || U u  || Ú ú || V v || W w || Y y || Ý ý || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Æ æ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /s/ || /t/ || /ʊ/ || /ʉ/ || /v/ || /w/ || /ɪ/ || /i/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /ɛ/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;8&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Elvish alphabet''' (elvish)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ა || ბ || გ || დ || ე || ვ || ზ || ჱ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ʌ/ || /b/ || /g/ || /d/ || /ə/ || /v/ || /ð/ || /ɛ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| თ || ი || კ || ლ || მ || ნ || ო || რ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /t/ || /ɪ/ || /kʷ/ || /l/ || /m/ || /n/ || /o/ || /ɾ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ს || ჳ || უ || ფ || ქ || ღ  || ხ || ჶ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /s/ || /w/ || /ʊ/ || /p/ || /k/ || /ɣ/ || /x/ || /f/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; | ჼ || colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; | /◌˖/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraphs ⟨th⟩, ⟨qu⟩ and ⟨ae⟩ are used to represent /ð/, /kʷ/ and /ɛ/ in the steel-hand alphabet. The latter can also be written as a single letter ⟨æ⟩. /g/ and /ɣ/ are in complementary distrubution and are therefore written as ⟨g⟩. ⟨y⟩ and ⟨ý⟩ are used instead of ⟨i⟩ and ⟨í⟩ if there is a front vowel in the next syllable, showing a historical distinction that has since vanished. ⟨ჼ⟩ is a so-called &amp;quot;fronting sign&amp;quot;, playing the same role as the acute accent in the steel-hand alphabet, which fronts the vowel it is after, turning /ɪ/, /ʊ/, /ə/, /o/ and /ʌ/ into /i/, /ʉ/, /e/, /ɵ/ and /a/ respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Dwarvish Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Knalga Dwarvish ===&lt;br /&gt;
The Dwarvish language is spoken by the dwarves of the Heart Mountains and is one of the most well-documented languages of the Great Continent, along with the Wesnothi and Aethenwood Elvish languages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
| p b&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| f&lt;br /&gt;
| θ&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ɫ&lt;br /&gt;
| r&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i || u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| ɛ || ɔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ai̯ au̯&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/ɫ/ is always a dark l and /r/ is always a trill.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The dwarves use two writing systems: a native runic one, the usage of which goes back to times long forgotten, when dwarves still lived underground, and a steel-hand one, adopted fairly recently. Runes are usually carved into architecture and used on special occasions, while the steel-hand alphabet is used in the daily life and on paper.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Dwarvish alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || B b || C c || D d || E e || F f || G g || H h || I i&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /b/ || /k/ || /d/ || /ɛ/ || /f/ || /g/ || ∅ || /i/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| L l || M m || N n || O o || P p || R r || S s || T t || U u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ɫ/ || /m/ || /n/ || /ɔ/ || /p/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /u/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;11&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Dwarvish alphabet''' (runic)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ᚠ || ᚢ || ᚦ || ᚨ || ᚱ || ᚲ || ᚷ || ᚾ || ᛁ || ᛃ || ᛈ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /f/ || /u/ || /θ/ || /a/ || /r/ || /k/ || /g/ || /n/ || /i/ || /j/ || /p/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ᛋ || ᛊ || ᛏ || ᛒ || ᛖ || ᛗ || ᛚ || ᛜ || ᛟ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ᛞ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /s/ || /t͡s/ || /t/ || /b/ || /ɛ/ || /m/ || /ɫ/ || /ŋ/ || /ɔ/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /d/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
⟨h⟩ is only used in the digraph ⟨th⟩ to represent /θ/. /t͡s/ and /ŋ/ are written as ⟨ts⟩ and ⟨ng⟩ in the steel-hand alphabet. /j/ only appears in diphthongs and is represented by ⟨i⟩ and ⟨ᛃ⟩ respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Drake Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Drake languages ​​form a dialect continuum stretching from the volcanic islands of the Great Ocean (urheimat to the drake languages as a whole) to the eastern reaches of the Heart Mountains, with a fairly high level of mutual intelligibility in the Far North of the Great Continent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Continental Drakish ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The umbrella term &amp;quot;Continental Drakish&amp;quot; refers to all the varieties of drake languages spoken on the Great Continent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Coronal !! Post-&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;alveolar !! Velar !! Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
| ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| v&lt;br /&gt;
| θ s&lt;br /&gt;
| ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Liquid&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| r l&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i || u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e || o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | au̯&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Presumably, all consonants can be geminated and all vowels have a corresponding nasal variant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
* All phonemes are orthographically represented the same way they are in english, except for /ʔ/, which is written as an apostrophe ⟨'⟩.&lt;br /&gt;
* Final ⟨hn⟩ serves as a nasalization marker.&lt;br /&gt;
* Final ⟨é⟩ indicates the vowel is spoken rather than modifying a medial vowel (there is no silent final 'e' in the language).&lt;br /&gt;
* Word-final ⟨ck⟩ has the value /k/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Drake alphabet'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| A a || B b || C c || D d || E e || G g || I i || K k || L l&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /b/ || /k/ || /d/ || /e/ || /g/ || /i/ || /k/ || /l/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| M m || N n || O o || R r || S s || T t || U u || V v || Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /m/ || /n/ || /o/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /u/ || /v/ || /z/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Oceanic Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The oceanic language family includes two major branches: outer and inner oceanic, commonly referred to as the &amp;quot;merfolk&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;naga&amp;quot; branches respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Merfolk Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The language of the merfolk is primarily spoken in the Bay of Pearls and the area around Jotha and Tirigaz, although minor merfolk settlements can be found all over the shores of the Great Continent from the Far North to the deserts of the south.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Notable features of the merfolk language's phonology include the four long vowel variants, widespread vowel hiatus, a large amount of fricatives as well as a voiceless approximant series (/ç/ and /h/ are considered to actually be [j̊] and [ʍ] by some scholars).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Palatal !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Stop&lt;br /&gt;
| p b&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| c&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| f v&lt;br /&gt;
| θ ð&lt;br /&gt;
| s z&lt;br /&gt;
| ç&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| l̥ l&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| w&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| r&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! unr. || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | rounded&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| ɪ iː || ʏ yː&lt;br /&gt;
| ʊ uː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e ||&lt;br /&gt;
| o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; | a aː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; | ai̯&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Most mermen live in isolation in the shallow waters of the Great Ocean and use their own script. During the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#417-530_YW:_The_Turmoil_of_Asheviere|Turmoil of Asheviere]], however, many coastal merfolk picked a side in the conflict and integrated into human army structures, adopting the wesnothian steel-hand with it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;7&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Merfolk alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || Ā ā || B b || C c || D d || E e || G g&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /aː/ || /b/ || /c/ || /d/ || /ɛ/ || /g/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| H h || I i || Ī ī || J j || K k || L l || M m&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /h/ || /ɪ/ || /iː/ || /j/ || /k/ || /l/ || /m/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| N n || O o || P p || R r || S s || T t || U u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /n/ || /ɔ/ || /p/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /ʊ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Ū ū || V v || W w || Y y || Ȳ ȳ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /uː/ || /v/ || /w/ || /ʏ/ || /yː/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /z/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;8&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Merfolk alphabet''' (merfolk script)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Α α || Ᾱ ᾱ || Β β || Γ γ || Δ δ || Ε ε || Ζ ζ || Θ θ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /aː/ || /v/ || /g/ || /ð/ || /ɛ/ || /z/ || /θ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Ι ι || Ῑ ῑ || Κ κ || Λ λ || Μ μ || Ν ν || Ο ο || Π π&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ɪ/ || /iː/ || /k/ || /l/ || /m/ || /n/ || /ɔ/ || /p/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Ρ ρ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Σ σ/ς || Τ τ || Υ υ || Ῡ ῡ || Φ φ || Χ χ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /r/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /s/ || /t/ || /ʏ/ || /yː/ || /f/ || /h/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraphs ⟨ll/λλ⟩, ⟨ββ⟩, ⟨ph⟩, ⟨th⟩, ⟨dh⟩, ⟨ch/χι⟩, ⟨kh⟩, ⟨κι⟩, ⟨μπ⟩, ⟨ντ⟩, ⟨ου⟩ and ⟨οῡ⟩ are used to represent the phonemes /l̥/, /w/, /f/, /θ/, /ð/, /ç/, [x], /c/, /b/, /d/, /ʊ/ and /uː/ respectively. The grapheme ⟨ι⟩ is also used to represent /j/, as well as palatalization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Naga Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The naga language is particularly widespread in the regions of the Sleepless Sea and the Bay of Clouds, far beyond the reach of the Kingdom of Wesnoth. Substantial naga populations can be found in the Far North as well, particularly in the Black Marshes and the river delta of the Bork River, where they consistently clash with the local merfolk.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The phonology of the naga language appears to be typologically unusual in comparison to other languages of Irdya. It has several laterals, but no voiced [l]. The voicing distinction among obstruents is missing as well, unlike in its sister language. Details of the fortis-lenis distinction are still a matter of debate among the scholars of Wesnoth, as fieldwork in naga territory comes with considerable risks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
! Fortis&lt;br /&gt;
| p|b̥&lt;br /&gt;
| t|d̥&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k|ɡ̊&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Lenis&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Sibilant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s̻&lt;br /&gt;
| s̺&lt;br /&gt;
| ç~ɕ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ʋ&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ɾ&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i iː&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a aː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | eɪ̯ aɪ̯ i̯a&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The dorsal sibilant varies in pronunciation depending on the dialect. Voiced variants of lateral consonants appear intervocalically as allophones, as does the phone [v] as an allophone of /ʋ/ before an onset of a syllable.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Front vowels /i/, /e/ and /a/ tend to lenite into [ɪ], [ə] and [ɐ] when unstressed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although the majority of the naga prefer to use the script of the dunefolk, learned from them due to years of coexistence, several communities in the Far North tend to use the wesnothian steel-hand as well.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;7&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Naga alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || Ą ą || B b || D d || E e || G g || H h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /aː/ || /b̥/ || /d̥/ || /e/ || /ɡ̊/ || /x/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| I i || Į į || K k || L l || M m || N n || O o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /i/ || /iː/ || /k/ || /ɬ/ || /m/ || /n/ || /o/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| P p || R r || S s || T t || V v || X x || Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /p/ || /ɾ/ || /s̺/ || /t/ || /ʋ/ || /ɕ/ || /s̻/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Naga alphabet''' (dunefolk script)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ص || ش || س || ر || د || خ || ت || ب || ا&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /s̻/ || /ɕ/ || /s̺/ || /ɾ/ || /d̥/ || /x/ || /t/ || /b̥/ || /aː/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ي || و || ە || ن || م || ل || ك || غ || ط&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /iː/ || /ʋ/ || /e/ || /n/ || /m/ || /ɬ/ || /k/ || /ɡ̊/ || /t͡ɬ/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraph ⟨ll⟩ is used to represent /t͡ɬ/ in the steel-hand alphabet. Vowels /i/, /o, /a/ are typically not written in the dunefolk script, but can be represented with the diacritics ⟨ــِـ⟩, ⟨ــُـ⟩ and ⟨ــَـ⟩ respectively. ⟨i⟩ and ⟨ي⟩ also represent /j/ in diphthongs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Gryphon Language ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The gryphon language is spoken by the gryphons of the Gryphon Mountain and the surrounding gryphon populations nearing Knalga.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonology ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Due to the biological constraints the gryphons possess, the diversity of sounds they are able to make appears to be quite limited.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Stop&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| q ɢ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
! short&lt;br /&gt;
| s z&lt;br /&gt;
| ʂ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! gem.&lt;br /&gt;
| sː zː&lt;br /&gt;
| ʂː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
! short&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| r&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! gem.&lt;br /&gt;
| jː&lt;br /&gt;
| rː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Front !! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; | Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! short || long ||  short || long || overl.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i || iː || u || uː || uːː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e || eː || o || oː ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
|  ||  ||  a || aː || aːː&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The rhotic /r/ varies greatly in pronunciation, but is most often pronounced as [ɰ].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Orthography ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The gryphons themselves do not write their language down. For the purposes of keeping records and writing down names, the following alphabet is used in Wesnoth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Gryphon alphabet'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || E e || G g || I i || K k || O o || R r || S s || Y y || Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /e/ || /ɢ/ || /i/ || /q/ || /o/ || /r/ || /s/ || /j/ || /z/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraph ⟨sh⟩ is used for /ʂ/. Vowel length and gemination are represented by doubling/trippling the corresponding letter (/ʂː/ is written as ⟨sshh⟩).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See Also ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Races]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[CampaignDialogue|Campaign Dialogue]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:World of Wesnoth]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Languages_of_Wesnoth&amp;diff=75479</id>
		<title>Languages of Wesnoth</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Languages_of_Wesnoth&amp;diff=75479"/>
		<updated>2026-07-03T09:54:14Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: Fixed spelling&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Translations}}&lt;br /&gt;
The world of Wesnoth is as rich in languages as it is in all sorts of creatures and races that inhabit it. Although fieldwork in distant lands is never easy, many mages from the Great Academy on Alduin as well as other scholars from Weldyn and Elensefar have managed to assemble impressive archives full of manuscripts on the various languages ​​of Irdya. Most of them date back to the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#628-673_YW:_The_Silver_Age_of_Wesnoth|Silver Age of Wesnoth (628-673 YW)]] and the peaceful reign of [[CharactersStorys#Konrad_II|Konrad II]], which sparked a minor scientific renaissance in the kingdom, reviving the level of interest in linguistics among the scholars seen before only during the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#200-350 YW: The Golden Age of Wesnoth|Golden Age of Wesnoth (200-350 YW)]].&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;tright&amp;quot;&amp;gt;__TOC__&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== Elvish Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The elvish language family includes two major branches: southern and northern elvish, commonly referred to as the Aethenwood and Lintanir Elvish respectively. Although the degree of mutual intelligibility among these two is high, scholars still prefer to call these two different languages due to several differing morphological features and syntax peculiarities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Aethenwood Elvish ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This elvish variety is spoken by the elves of Aethenwood and its surrounding areas, which include the Southwood and the Black Forest.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Aethenwood Elvish posesses a unique unstable vowel system, characterised by ATR distinction instead of length, which is more common in the sprachbund of the Great Continent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Coronal !! Dorsal !! Labio-&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;velar&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
| p b&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
| kʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| f v&lt;br /&gt;
| s ð&lt;br /&gt;
| x ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ɾ l&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| w&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Central !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i ɪ || ʉ || ʊ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | e || ɵ || rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| ə&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ɛ || rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ʌ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Elves, just like dwarves, use two writing systems: one in dealings with the humans and another domestically.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Elvish alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || Á á || B b || C c || D d || E e || É é || F f || G g || H h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ʌ/ || /a/ || /b/ || /k/ || /d/ || /ə/ || /e/ || /f/ || /g/ || /x/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| I i || Í í || L l || M m || N n || O o || Ó ó || P p || Q q || R r&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ɪ/ || /i/ || /l/ || /m/ || /n/ || /o/ || /ɵ/ || /p/ || ∅ || /ɾ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| S s || T t || U u  || Ú ú || V v || W w || Y y || Ý ý || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Æ æ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /s/ || /t/ || /ʊ/ || /ʉ/ || /v/ || /w/ || /ɪ/ || /i/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /ɛ/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;8&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Elvish alphabet''' (elvish)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ა || ბ || გ || დ || ე || ვ || ზ || ჱ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ʌ/ || /b/ || /g/ || /d/ || /ə/ || /v/ || /ð/ || /ɛ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| თ || ი || კ || ლ || მ || ნ || ო || რ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /t/ || /ɪ/ || /kʷ/ || /l/ || /m/ || /n/ || /o/ || /ɾ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ს || ჳ || უ || ფ || ქ || ღ  || ხ || ჶ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /s/ || /w/ || /ʊ/ || /p/ || /k/ || /ɣ/ || /x/ || /f/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; | ჼ || colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; | ◌˖&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraphs ⟨th⟩, ⟨qu⟩ and ⟨ae⟩ are used to represent /ð/, /kʷ/ and /ɛ/ in the steel-hand alphabet. The latter can also be written as a single letter ⟨æ⟩. /g/ and /ɣ/ are in complementary distrubution and are therefore written as ⟨g⟩. ⟨y⟩ and ⟨ý⟩ are used instead of ⟨i⟩ and ⟨í⟩ if there is a front vowel in the next syllable, showing a historical distinction that has since vanished. ⟨ჼ⟩ is a so-called &amp;quot;fronting sign&amp;quot;, playing the same role as the acute accent in the steel-hand alphabet, which fronts the vowel it is after, turning /ɪ/, /ʊ/, /ə/, /o/ and /ʌ/ into /i/, /ʉ/, /e/, /ɵ/ and /a/ respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Dwarvish Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Knalga Dwarvish ===&lt;br /&gt;
The Dwarvish language is spoken by the dwarves of the Heart Mountains and is one of the most well-documented languages of the Great Continent, along with the Wesnothi and Aethenwood Elvish languages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
| p b&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| f&lt;br /&gt;
| θ&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ɫ&lt;br /&gt;
| r&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i || u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| ɛ || ɔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ai̯ au̯&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/ɫ/ is always a dark l and /r/ is always a trill.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The dwarves use two writing systems: a native runic one, the usage of which goes back to times long forgotten, when dwarves still lived underground, and a steel-hand one, adopted fairly recently. Runes are usually carved into architecture and used on special occasions, while the steel-hand alphabet is used in the daily life and on paper.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Dwarvish alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || B b || C c || D d || E e || F f || G g || H h || I i&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /b/ || /k/ || /d/ || /ɛ/ || /f/ || /g/ || ∅ || /i/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| L l || M m || N n || O o || P p || R r || S s || T t || U u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ɫ/ || /m/ || /n/ || /ɔ/ || /p/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /u/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;11&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Dwarvish alphabet''' (runic)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ᚠ || ᚢ || ᚦ || ᚨ || ᚱ || ᚲ || ᚷ || ᚾ || ᛁ || ᛃ || ᛈ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /f/ || /u/ || /θ/ || /a/ || /r/ || /k/ || /g/ || /n/ || /i/ || /j/ || /p/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ᛋ || ᛊ || ᛏ || ᛒ || ᛖ || ᛗ || ᛚ || ᛜ || ᛟ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ᛞ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /s/ || /t͡s/ || /t/ || /b/ || /ɛ/ || /m/ || /ɫ/ || /ŋ/ || /ɔ/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /d/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
⟨h⟩ is only used in the digraph ⟨th⟩ to represent /θ/. /t͡s/ and /ŋ/ are written as ⟨ts⟩ and ⟨ng⟩ in the steel-hand alphabet. /j/ only appears in diphthongs and is represented by ⟨i⟩ and ⟨ᛃ⟩ respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Drake Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Drake languages ​​form a dialect continuum stretching from the volcanic islands of the Great Ocean (urheimat to the drake languages as a whole) to the eastern reaches of the Heart Mountains, with a fairly high level of mutual intelligibility in the Far North of the Great Continent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Continental Drakish ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The umbrella term &amp;quot;Continental Drakish&amp;quot; refers to all the varieties of drake languages spoken on the Great Continent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Coronal !! Post-&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;alveolar !! Velar !! Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
| ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| v&lt;br /&gt;
| θ s&lt;br /&gt;
| ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Liquid&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| r l&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i || u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e || o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | au̯&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Presumably, all consonants can be geminated and all vowels have a corresponding nasal variant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
* All phonemes are orthographically represented the same way they are in english, except for /ʔ/, which is written as an apostrophe ⟨'⟩.&lt;br /&gt;
* Final ⟨hn⟩ serves as a nasalization marker.&lt;br /&gt;
* Final ⟨é⟩ indicates the vowel is spoken rather than modifying a medial vowel (there is no silent final 'e' in the language).&lt;br /&gt;
* Word-final ⟨ck⟩ has the value /k/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Drake alphabet'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| A a || B b || C c || D d || E e || G g || I i || K k || L l&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /b/ || /k/ || /d/ || /e/ || /g/ || /i/ || /k/ || /l/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| M m || N n || O o || R r || S s || T t || U u || V v || Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /m/ || /n/ || /o/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /u/ || /v/ || /z/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Oceanic Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The oceanic language family includes two major branches: outer and inner oceanic, commonly referred to as the &amp;quot;merfolk&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;naga&amp;quot; branches respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Merfolk Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The language of the merfolk is primarily spoken in the Bay of Pearls and the area around Jotha and Tirigaz, although minor merfolk settlements can be found all over the shores of the Great Continent from the Far North to the deserts of the south.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Notable features of the merfolk language's phonology include the four long vowel variants, widespread vowel hiatus, a large amount of fricatives as well as a voiceless approximant series (/ç/ and /h/ are considered to actually be [j̊] and [ʍ] by some scholars).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Palatal !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Stop&lt;br /&gt;
| p b&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| c&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| f v&lt;br /&gt;
| θ ð&lt;br /&gt;
| s z&lt;br /&gt;
| ç&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| l̥ l&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| w&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| r&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! unr. || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | rounded&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| ɪ iː || ʏ yː&lt;br /&gt;
| ʊ uː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e ||&lt;br /&gt;
| o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; | a aː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; | ai̯&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Most mermen live in isolation in the shallow waters of the Great Ocean and use their own script. During the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#417-530_YW:_The_Turmoil_of_Asheviere|Turmoil of Asheviere]], however, many coastal merfolk picked a side in the conflict and integrated into human army structures, adopting the wesnothian steel-hand with it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;7&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Merfolk alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || Ā ā || B b || C c || D d || E e || G g&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /aː/ || /b/ || /c/ || /d/ || /ɛ/ || /g/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| H h || I i || Ī ī || J j || K k || L l || M m&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /h/ || /ɪ/ || /iː/ || /j/ || /k/ || /l/ || /m/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| N n || O o || P p || R r || S s || T t || U u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /n/ || /ɔ/ || /p/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /ʊ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Ū ū || V v || W w || Y y || Ȳ ȳ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /uː/ || /v/ || /w/ || /ʏ/ || /yː/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /z/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;8&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Merfolk alphabet''' (merfolk script)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Α α || Ᾱ ᾱ || Β β || Γ γ || Δ δ || Ε ε || Ζ ζ || Θ θ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /aː/ || /v/ || /g/ || /ð/ || /ɛ/ || /z/ || /θ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Ι ι || Ῑ ῑ || Κ κ || Λ λ || Μ μ || Ν ν || Ο ο || Π π&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ɪ/ || /iː/ || /k/ || /l/ || /m/ || /n/ || /ɔ/ || /p/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Ρ ρ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Σ σ/ς || Τ τ || Υ υ || Ῡ ῡ || Φ φ || Χ χ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /r/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /s/ || /t/ || /ʏ/ || /yː/ || /f/ || /h/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraphs ⟨ll/λλ⟩, ⟨ββ⟩, ⟨ph⟩, ⟨th⟩, ⟨dh⟩, ⟨ch/χι⟩, ⟨kh⟩, ⟨κι⟩, ⟨μπ⟩, ⟨ντ⟩, ⟨ου⟩ and ⟨οῡ⟩ are used to represent the phonemes /l̥/, /w/, /f/, /θ/, /ð/, /ç/, [x], /c/, /b/, /d/, /ʊ/ and /uː/ respectively. The grapheme ⟨ι⟩ is also used to represent /j/, as well as palatalization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Naga Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The naga language is particularly widespread in the regions of the Sleepless Sea and the Bay of Clouds, far beyond the reach of the Kingdom of Wesnoth. Substantial naga populations can be found in the Far North as well, particularly in the Black Marshes and the river delta of the Bork River, where they consistently clash with the local merfolk.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The phonology of the naga language appears to be typologically unusual in comparison to other languages of Irdya. It has several laterals, but no voiced [l]. The voicing distinction among obstruents is missing as well, unlike in its sister language. Details of the fortis-lenis distinction are still a matter of debate among the scholars of Wesnoth, as fieldwork in naga territory comes with considerable risks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
! Fortis&lt;br /&gt;
| p|b̥&lt;br /&gt;
| t|d̥&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k|ɡ̊&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Lenis&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Sibilant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s̻&lt;br /&gt;
| s̺&lt;br /&gt;
| ç~ɕ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ʋ&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ɾ&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i iː&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a aː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | eɪ̯ aɪ̯ i̯a&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The dorsal sibilant varies in pronunciation depending on the dialect. Voiced variants of lateral consonants appear intervocalically as allophones, as does the phone [v] as an allophone of /ʋ/ before an onset of a syllable.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Front vowels /i/, /e/ and /a/ tend to lenite into [ɪ], [ə] and [ɐ] when unstressed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although the majority of the naga prefer to use the script of the dunefolk, learned from them due to years of coexistence, several communities in the Far North tend to use the wesnothian steel-hand as well.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;7&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Naga alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || Ą ą || B b || D d || E e || G g || H h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /aː/ || /b̥/ || /d̥/ || /e/ || /ɡ̊/ || /x/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| I i || Į į || K k || L l || M m || N n || O o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /i/ || /iː/ || /k/ || /ɬ/ || /m/ || /n/ || /o/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| P p || R r || S s || T t || V v || X x || Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /p/ || /ɾ/ || /s̺/ || /t/ || /ʋ/ || /ɕ/ || /s̻/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Naga alphabet''' (dunefolk script)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ص || ش || س || ر || د || خ || ت || ب || ا&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /s̻/ || /ɕ/ || /s̺/ || /ɾ/ || /d̥/ || /x/ || /t/ || /b̥/ || /aː/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ي || و || ە || ن || م || ل || ك || غ || ط&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /iː/ || /ʋ/ || /e/ || /n/ || /m/ || /ɬ/ || /k/ || /ɡ̊/ || /t͡ɬ/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraph ⟨ll⟩ is used to represent /t͡ɬ/ in the steel-hand alphabet. Vowels /i/, /o, /a/ are typically not written in the dunefolk script, but can be represented with the diacritics ⟨ــِـ⟩, ⟨ــُـ⟩ and ⟨ــَـ⟩ respectively. ⟨i⟩ and ⟨ي⟩ also represent /j/ in diphthongs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Gryphon Language ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The gryphon language is spoken by the gryphons of the Gryphon Mountain and the surrounding gryphon populations nearing Knalga.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonology ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Due to the biological constraints the gryphons possess, the diversity of sounds they are able to make appears to be quite limited.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Stop&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| q ɢ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
! short&lt;br /&gt;
| s z&lt;br /&gt;
| ʂ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! gem.&lt;br /&gt;
| sː zː&lt;br /&gt;
| ʂː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
! short&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| r&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! gem.&lt;br /&gt;
| jː&lt;br /&gt;
| rː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Front !! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; | Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! short || long ||  short || long || overl.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i || iː || u || uː || uːː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e || eː || o || oː ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
|  ||  ||  a || aː || aːː&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The rhotic /r/ varies greatly in pronunciation, but is most often pronounced as [ɰ].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Orthography ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The gryphons themselves do not write their language down. For the purposes of keeping records and writing down names, the following alphabet is used in Wesnoth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Gryphon alphabet'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || E e || G g || I i || K k || O o || R r || S s || Y y || Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /e/ || /ɢ/ || /i/ || /q/ || /o/ || /r/ || /s/ || /j/ || /z/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraph ⟨sh⟩ is used for /ʂ/. Vowel length and gemination are represented by doubling/trippling the corresponding letter (/ʂː/ is written as ⟨sshh⟩).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See Also ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Races]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[CampaignDialogue|Campaign Dialogue]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:World of Wesnoth]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Languages_of_Wesnoth&amp;diff=75478</id>
		<title>Languages of Wesnoth</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Languages_of_Wesnoth&amp;diff=75478"/>
		<updated>2026-07-03T09:43:35Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: Added Aethenwood Elvish language, added {{Languages}} template&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Translations}}&lt;br /&gt;
The world of Wesnoth is as rich in languages as it is in all sorts of creatures and races that inhabit it. Although fieldwork in distant lands is never easy, many mages from the Great Academy on Alduin as well as other scholars from Weldyn and Elensefar have managed to assemble impressive archives full of manuscripts on the various languages ​​of Irdya. Most of them date back to the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#628-673_YW:_The_Silver_Age_of_Wesnoth|Silver Age of Wesnoth (628-673 YW)]] and the peaceful reign of [[CharactersStorys#Konrad_II|Konrad II]], which sparked a minor scientific renaissance in the kingdom, reviving the level of interest in linguistics among the scholars seen before only during the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#200-350 YW: The Golden Age of Wesnoth|Golden Age of Wesnoth (200-350 YW)]].&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;tright&amp;quot;&amp;gt;__TOC__&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== Elvish Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The elvish language family includes two major branches: southern and northern elvish, commonly referred to as the Æthenwood and Lintanir Elvish respectively. Although the degree of mutual intelligibility among these two is high, scholars still prefer to call these two different languages due to several differing morphological features and syntax peculiarities.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Aethenwood Elvish ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
This elvish variety is spoken by the elves of Aethenwood and its surrounding areas, which include the Southwood and the Black Forest.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Æthenwood Elvish posesses a unique unstable vowel system, characterised by ATR distinction instead of lenth, which is more common in the sprachbund that is the Great Continent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Coronal !! Dorsal !! Labio-&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;velar&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
| p b&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
| kʷ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| f v&lt;br /&gt;
| s ð&lt;br /&gt;
| x ɣ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ɾ l&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| w&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Central !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i ɪ || ʉ || ʊ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | e || ɵ || rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| ə&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open-Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ɛ || rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ʌ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Elves, just like dwarves, use two writing systems: one in dealings with the humans and another domestically.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Elvish alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || Á á || B b || C c || D d || E e || É é || F f || G g || H h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ʌ/ || /a/ || /b/ || /k/ || /d/ || /ə/ || /e/ || /f/ || /g/ || /x/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| I i || Í í || L l || M m || N n || O o || Ó ó || P p || Q q || R r&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ɪ/ || /i/ || /l/ || /m/ || /n/ || /o/ || /ɵ/ || /p/ || ∅ || /ɾ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| S s || T t || U u  || Ú ú || V v || W w || Y y || Ý ý || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Æ æ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /s/ || /t/ || /ʊ/ || /ʉ/ || /v/ || /w/ || /ɪ/ || /i/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /ɛ/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;8&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Elvish alphabet''' (elvish)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ა || ბ || გ || დ || ე || ვ || ზ || ჱ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ʌ/ || /b/ || /g/ || /d/ || /ə/ || /v/ || /ð/ || /ɛ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| თ || ი || კ || ლ || მ || ნ || ო || რ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /t/ || /ɪ/ || /kʷ/ || /l/ || /m/ || /n/ || /o/ || /ɾ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ს || ჳ || უ || ფ || ქ || ღ  || ხ || ჶ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /s/ || /w/ || /ʊ/ || /p/ || /k/ || /ɣ/ || /x/ || /f/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; | ჼ || colspan=&amp;quot;4&amp;quot; | ◌˖&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraphs ⟨th⟩, ⟨qu⟩ and ⟨ae⟩ are used to represent /ð/, /kʷ/ and /ɛ/ in the steel-hand alphabet. The latter can also be written as a single letter ⟨æ⟩. /g/ and /ɣ/ are in complementary distrubution and are therefore written as ⟨g⟩. ⟨y⟩ and ⟨ý⟩ are used instead of ⟨u⟩ and ⟨í⟩ if there is a front vowel in the next syllable, showing a historical distinction that has since vanished. ⟨ჼ⟩ is a so-called &amp;quot;fronting sign&amp;quot;, playing the same role as the acute accent in the steel-hand alphabet, which fronts the vowel it is after, turning /ɪ/, /ʊ/, /ə/, /o/ and /ʌ/ into /i/, /ʉ/, /e/, /ɵ/ and /a/ respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Dwarvish Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Knalga Dwarvish ===&lt;br /&gt;
The Dwarvish language is spoken by the dwarves of the Heart Mountains and is one of the most well-documented languages of the Great Continent, along with the Wesnothi and Aethenwood Elvish languages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
| p b&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| f&lt;br /&gt;
| θ&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ɫ&lt;br /&gt;
| r&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i || u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| ɛ || ɔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ai̯ au̯&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/ɫ/ is always a dark l and /r/ is always a trill.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The dwarves use two writing systems: a native runic one, the usage of which goes back to times long forgotten, when dwarves still lived underground, and a steel-hand one, adopted fairly recently. Runes are usually carved into architecture and used on special occasions, while the steel-hand alphabet is used in the daily life and on paper.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Dwarvish alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || B b || C c || D d || E e || F f || G g || H h || I i&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /b/ || /k/ || /d/ || /ɛ/ || /f/ || /g/ || ∅ || /i/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| L l || M m || N n || O o || P p || R r || S s || T t || U u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ɫ/ || /m/ || /n/ || /ɔ/ || /p/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /u/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;11&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Dwarvish alphabet''' (runic)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ᚠ || ᚢ || ᚦ || ᚨ || ᚱ || ᚲ || ᚷ || ᚾ || ᛁ || ᛃ || ᛈ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /f/ || /u/ || /θ/ || /a/ || /r/ || /k/ || /g/ || /n/ || /i/ || /j/ || /p/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ᛋ || ᛊ || ᛏ || ᛒ || ᛖ || ᛗ || ᛚ || ᛜ || ᛟ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ᛞ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /s/ || /t͡s/ || /t/ || /b/ || /ɛ/ || /m/ || /ɫ/ || /ŋ/ || /ɔ/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /d/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
⟨h⟩ is only used in the digraph ⟨th⟩ to represent /θ/. /t͡s/ and /ŋ/ are written as ⟨ts⟩ and ⟨ng⟩ in the steel-hand alphabet. /j/ only appears in diphthongs and is represented by ⟨i⟩ and ⟨ᛃ⟩ respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Drake Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Drake languages ​​form a dialect continuum stretching from the volcanic islands of the Great Ocean (urheimat to the drake languages as a whole) to the eastern reaches of the Heart Mountains, with a fairly high level of mutual intelligibility in the Far North of the Great Continent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Continental Drakish ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The umbrella term &amp;quot;Continental Drakish&amp;quot; refers to all the varieties of drake languages spoken on the Great Continent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Coronal !! Post-&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;alveolar !! Velar !! Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
| ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| v&lt;br /&gt;
| θ s&lt;br /&gt;
| ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Liquid&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| r l&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i || u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e || o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | au̯&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Presumably, all consonants can be geminated and all vowels have a corresponding nasal variant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
* All phonemes are orthographically represented the same way they are in english, except for /ʔ/, which is written as an apostrophe ⟨'⟩.&lt;br /&gt;
* Final ⟨hn⟩ serves as a nasalization marker.&lt;br /&gt;
* Final ⟨é⟩ indicates the vowel is spoken rather than modifying a medial vowel (there is no silent final 'e' in the language).&lt;br /&gt;
* Word-final ⟨ck⟩ has the value /k/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Drake alphabet'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| A a || B b || C c || D d || E e || G g || I i || K k || L l&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /b/ || /k/ || /d/ || /e/ || /g/ || /i/ || /k/ || /l/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| M m || N n || O o || R r || S s || T t || U u || V v || Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /m/ || /n/ || /o/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /u/ || /v/ || /z/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Oceanic Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The oceanic language family includes two major branches: outer and inner oceanic, commonly referred to as the &amp;quot;merfolk&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;naga&amp;quot; branches respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Merfolk Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The language of the merfolk is primarily spoken in the Bay of Pearls and the area around Jotha and Tirigaz, although minor merfolk settlements can be found all over the shores of the Great Continent from the Far North to the deserts of the south.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Notable features of the merfolk language's phonology include the four long vowel variants, widespread vowel hiatus, a large amount of fricatives as well as a voiceless approximant series (/ç/ and /h/ are considered to actually be [j̊] and [ʍ] by some scholars).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Palatal !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Stop&lt;br /&gt;
| p b&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| c&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| f v&lt;br /&gt;
| θ ð&lt;br /&gt;
| s z&lt;br /&gt;
| ç&lt;br /&gt;
| h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| l̥ l&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| w&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| r&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! unr. || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | rounded&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| ɪ iː || ʏ yː&lt;br /&gt;
| ʊ uː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e ||&lt;br /&gt;
| o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; | a aː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; | ai̯&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Most mermen live in isolation in the shallow waters of the Great Ocean and use their own script. During the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#417-530_YW:_The_Turmoil_of_Asheviere|Turmoil of Asheviere]], however, many coastal merfolk picked a side in the conflict and integrated into human army structures, adopting the wesnothian steel-hand with it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;7&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Merfolk alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || Ā ā || B b || C c || D d || E e || G g&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /aː/ || /b/ || /c/ || /d/ || /ɛ/ || /g/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| H h || I i || Ī ī || J j || K k || L l || M m&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /h/ || /ɪ/ || /iː/ || /j/ || /k/ || /l/ || /m/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| N n || O o || P p || R r || S s || T t || U u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /n/ || /ɔ/ || /p/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /ʊ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Ū ū || V v || W w || Y y || Ȳ ȳ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /uː/ || /v/ || /w/ || /ʏ/ || /yː/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /z/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;8&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Merfolk alphabet''' (merfolk script)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Α α || Ᾱ ᾱ || Β β || Γ γ || Δ δ || Ε ε || Ζ ζ || Θ θ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /aː/ || /v/ || /g/ || /ð/ || /ɛ/ || /z/ || /θ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Ι ι || Ῑ ῑ || Κ κ || Λ λ || Μ μ || Ν ν || Ο ο || Π π&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ɪ/ || /iː/ || /k/ || /l/ || /m/ || /n/ || /ɔ/ || /p/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Ρ ρ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Σ σ/ς || Τ τ || Υ υ || Ῡ ῡ || Φ φ || Χ χ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /r/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /s/ || /t/ || /ʏ/ || /yː/ || /f/ || /h/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraphs ⟨ll/λλ⟩, ⟨ββ⟩, ⟨ph⟩, ⟨th⟩, ⟨dh⟩, ⟨ch/χι⟩, ⟨kh⟩, ⟨κι⟩, ⟨μπ⟩, ⟨ντ⟩, ⟨ου⟩ and ⟨οῡ⟩ are used to represent the phonemes /l̥/, /w/, /f/, /θ/, /ð/, /ç/, [x], /c/, /b/, /d/, /ʊ/ and /uː/ respectively. The grapheme ⟨ι⟩ is also used to represent /j/, as well as palatalization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Naga Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The naga language is particularly widespread in the regions of the Sleepless Sea and the Bay of Clouds, far beyond the reach of the Kingdom of Wesnoth. Substantial naga populations can be found in the Far North as well, particularly in the Black Marshes and the river delta of the Bork River, where they consistently clash with the local merfolk.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The phonology of the naga language appears to be typologically unusual in comparison to other languages of Irdya. It has several laterals, but no voiced [l]. The voicing distinction among obstruents is missing as well, unlike in its sister language. Details of the fortis-lenis distinction are still a matter of debate among the scholars of Wesnoth, as fieldwork in naga territory comes with considerable risks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
! Fortis&lt;br /&gt;
| p|b̥&lt;br /&gt;
| t|d̥&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k|ɡ̊&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Lenis&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Sibilant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s̻&lt;br /&gt;
| s̺&lt;br /&gt;
| ç~ɕ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ʋ&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ɾ&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i iː&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a aː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | eɪ̯ aɪ̯ i̯a&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The dorsal sibilant varies in pronunciation depending on the dialect. Voiced variants of lateral consonants appear intervocalically as allophones, as does the phone [v] as an allophone of /ʋ/ before an onset of a syllable.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Front vowels /i/, /e/ and /a/ tend to lenite into [ɪ], [ə] and [ɐ] when unstressed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although the majority of the naga prefer to use the script of the dunefolk, learned from them due to years of coexistence, several communities in the Far North tend to use the wesnothian steel-hand as well.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;7&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Naga alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || Ą ą || B b || D d || E e || G g || H h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /aː/ || /b̥/ || /d̥/ || /e/ || /ɡ̊/ || /x/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| I i || Į į || K k || L l || M m || N n || O o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /i/ || /iː/ || /k/ || /ɬ/ || /m/ || /n/ || /o/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| P p || R r || S s || T t || V v || X x || Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /p/ || /ɾ/ || /s̺/ || /t/ || /ʋ/ || /ɕ/ || /s̻/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Naga alphabet''' (dunefolk script)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ص || ش || س || ر || د || خ || ت || ب || ا&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /s̻/ || /ɕ/ || /s̺/ || /ɾ/ || /d̥/ || /x/ || /t/ || /b̥/ || /aː/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ي || و || ە || ن || م || ل || ك || غ || ط&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /iː/ || /ʋ/ || /e/ || /n/ || /m/ || /ɬ/ || /k/ || /ɡ̊/ || /t͡ɬ/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraph ⟨ll⟩ is used to represent /t͡ɬ/ in the steel-hand alphabet. Vowels /i/, /o, /a/ are typically not written in the dunefolk script, but can be represented with the diacritics ⟨ــِـ⟩, ⟨ــُـ⟩ and ⟨ــَـ⟩ respectively. ⟨i⟩ and ⟨ي⟩ also represent /j/ in diphthongs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Gryphon Language ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The gryphon language is spoken by the gryphons of the Gryphon Mountain and the surrounding gryphon populations nearing Knalga.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonology ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Due to the biological constraints the gryphons possess, the diversity of sounds they are able to make appears to be quite limited.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Stop&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| q ɢ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
! short&lt;br /&gt;
| s z&lt;br /&gt;
| ʂ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! gem.&lt;br /&gt;
| sː zː&lt;br /&gt;
| ʂː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
! short&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| r&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! gem.&lt;br /&gt;
| jː&lt;br /&gt;
| rː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Front !! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; | Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! short || long ||  short || long || overl.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i || iː || u || uː || uːː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e || eː || o || oː ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
|  ||  ||  a || aː || aːː&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The rhotic /r/ varies greatly in pronunciation, but is most often pronounced as [ɰ].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Orthography ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The gryphons themselves do not write their language down. For the purposes of keeping records and writing down names, the following alphabet is used in Wesnoth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Gryphon alphabet'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || E e || G g || I i || K k || O o || R r || S s || Y y || Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /e/ || /ɢ/ || /i/ || /q/ || /o/ || /r/ || /s/ || /j/ || /z/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraph ⟨sh⟩ is used for /ʂ/. Vowel length and gemination are represented by doubling/trippling the corresponding letter (/ʂː/ is written as ⟨sshh⟩).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See Also ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Races]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[CampaignDialogue|Campaign Dialogue]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Languages}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:World of Wesnoth]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Template:Languages&amp;diff=75477</id>
		<title>Template:Languages</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Template:Languages&amp;diff=75477"/>
		<updated>2026-07-03T09:39:05Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: Created page with &amp;quot;{{Navbox |name=Languages |style=background:#F8EAD1; margin: 0.5em auto; text-align: center; border:1px #E4BC7B solid; width:90% |bodystyle=background:#F8EAD1 |titlestyle=backg...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Navbox&lt;br /&gt;
|name=Languages&lt;br /&gt;
|style=background:#F8EAD1; margin: 0.5em auto; text-align: center; border:1px #E4BC7B solid; width:90%&lt;br /&gt;
|bodystyle=background:#F8EAD1&lt;br /&gt;
|titlestyle=background:#F2DEB6; margin: 0.5em auto; text-align: center; width:100%&lt;br /&gt;
|abovestyle=background:#EDE1CC&lt;br /&gt;
|groupstyle=background:#EDE1CC&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|title=''[[Languages of Wesnoth]]''&lt;br /&gt;
|above=Author: [[User:Alexinor|Alexinor]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|group1='''Great Continent'''&lt;br /&gt;
|list1={{Navbox&lt;br /&gt;
|groupstyle=background:#EDE1CC&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    |group1='''Human Languages'''&lt;br /&gt;
    |list1=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Wesnothi|Wesnothi]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Dunefolkish|Dunefolkish]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    |group2='''Elvish Languages'''&lt;br /&gt;
    |list2={{Navbox&lt;br /&gt;
    |groupstyle=background:#EDE1CC&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
        |group1='''Northern Elvish'''&lt;br /&gt;
        |list1=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Upper Lintanir Elvish|Upper Lintanir Elvish]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Lower Lintanir Elvish|Lower Lintanir Elvish]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
        |group2='''Southern Elvish'''&lt;br /&gt;
        |list2=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Aethenwood Elvish|Aethenwood Elvish]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Southwood Elvish|Southwood Elvish]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Black Forest Elvish|Black Forest Elvish]]&lt;br /&gt;
    }}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    |group3='''Dwarvish Languages'''&lt;br /&gt;
    |list3=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Knalga Dwarvish|Knalga Dwarvish]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Dorth Dwarvish|Dorth Dwarvish]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    |group4='''Oceanic Languages'''&lt;br /&gt;
    |list4={{Navbox&lt;br /&gt;
    |groupstyle=background:#EDE1CC&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
        |group1='''Inner Oceanic'''&lt;br /&gt;
        |list1=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Naga Language|Southern Naga]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Naga Language|Northern Naga]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
        |group2='''Outer Oceanic'''&lt;br /&gt;
        |list2=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Merfolk Language|Jotha Merfolk]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Merfolk Language|Bay of Pearls Merfolk]]&lt;br /&gt;
    }}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
    |group5='''Minor Languages'''&lt;br /&gt;
    |list5=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Gryphon Language|Gryphon]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|group2='''Old Continent'''&lt;br /&gt;
|list2=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Wesfolkish|Wesfolkish]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|group3='''Proto-Languages'''&lt;br /&gt;
|list3=[[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Green Isle Wesnothi|Green Isle Wesnothi]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Old Elvish|Old Elvish]] • [[Languages_of_Wesnoth#Old Dwarvish|Old Dwarvish]]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Templates]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Languages_of_Wesnoth&amp;diff=75472</id>
		<title>Languages of Wesnoth</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Languages_of_Wesnoth&amp;diff=75472"/>
		<updated>2026-06-29T10:01:23Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: Added dwarvish language&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Translations}}&lt;br /&gt;
The world of Wesnoth is as rich in languages as it is in all sorts of creatures and races that inhabit it. Although fieldwork in distant lands is never easy, many mages from the Great Academy on Alduin as well as other scholars from Weldyn and Elensefar have managed to assemble impressive archives full of manuscripts on the various languages ​​of Irdya. Most of them date back to the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#628-673_YW:_The_Silver_Age_of_Wesnoth|Silver Age of Wesnoth (628-673 YW)]] and the peaceful reign of [[CharactersStorys#Konrad_II|Konrad II]], which sparked a minor scientific renaissance in the kingdom, reviving the level of interest in linguistics among the scholars seen before only during the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#200-350 YW: The Golden Age of Wesnoth|Golden Age of Wesnoth (200-350 YW)]].&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;tright&amp;quot;&amp;gt;__TOC__&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== Dwarvish Language ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Dwarvish language is spoken by the dwarves of the Heart Mountains and is one of the most well-documented languages of the Great Continent, along with the Wesnothi and Æthenwood Elvish languages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonology ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ŋ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
| p b&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡s&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| f&lt;br /&gt;
| θ&lt;br /&gt;
| s&lt;br /&gt;
| &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| ɫ&lt;br /&gt;
| r&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i || u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| ɛ || ɔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ai̯ au̯&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
/ɫ/ is always a dark l and /r/ is always a trill.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Orthography ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The dwarves use two writing systems: a native runic one, the usage of which goes back to times long forgotten, when dwarves still lived underground, and a steel-hand one, adopted fairly recently. Runes are usually carved into architecture and used on special occasions, while the steel-hand alphabet is used in the daily life and on paper.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Dwarvish alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || B b || C c || D d || E e || F f || G g || H h || I i&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /b/ || /k/ || /d/ || /ɛ/ || /f/ || /g/ || /∅/ || /i/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| L l || M m || N n || O o || P p || R r || S s || T t || U u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ɫ/ || /m/ || /n/ || /ɔ/ || /p/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /u/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;11&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Dwarvish alphabet''' (runic)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ᚠ || ᚢ || ᚦ || ᚨ || ᚱ || ᚲ || ᚷ || ᚾ || ᛁ || ᛃ || ᛈ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /f/ || /u/ || /θ/ || /a/ || /r/ || /k/ || /g/ || /n/ || /i/ || /j/ || /p/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ᛋ || ᛊ || ᛏ || ᛒ || ᛖ || ᛗ || ᛚ || ᛜ || ᛟ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ᛞ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /s/ || /t͡s/ || /t/ || /b/ || /ɛ/ || /m/ || /ɫ/ || /ŋ/ || /ɔ/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /d/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
⟨h⟩ is only used in the digraph ⟨th⟩ to represent /θ/. /t͡s/ and /ŋ/ are written as ⟨ts⟩ and ⟨ng⟩ in the steel-hand alphabet. /j/ only appears in diphthongs and is represented by ⟨i⟩ and ⟨ᛃ⟩ respectively. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Drake Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Drake languages ​​form a dialect continuum stretching from the volcanic islands of the Great Ocean (urheimat to the drake languages as a whole) to the eastern reaches of the Heart Mountains, with a fairly high level of mutual intelligibility in the Far North of the Great Continent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Continental Drakish ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The umbrella term &amp;quot;Continental Drakish&amp;quot; refers to all the varieties of drake languages spoken on the Great Continent.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Continental Drakish phonology consists of the following phonemes:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Coronal !! Post-&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;alveolar !! Velar !! Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
| ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| v&lt;br /&gt;
| θ s&lt;br /&gt;
| ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Liquid&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| r l&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i || u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e || o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | au̯&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Presumably, all consonants can be geminated and all vowels have a corresponding nasal variant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
* All phonemes are orthographically represented the same way they are in english, except for /ʔ/, which is written as an apostrophe ⟨'⟩.&lt;br /&gt;
* Final ⟨hn⟩ serves as a nasalization marker.&lt;br /&gt;
* Final ⟨é⟩ indicates the vowel is spoken rather than modifying a medial vowel (there is no silent final 'e' in the language).&lt;br /&gt;
* Word-final ⟨ck⟩ has the value /k/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Drake alphabet'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| A a || B b || C c || D d || E e || G g || I i || K k || L l&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /b/ || /k/ || /d/ || /e/ || /g/ || /i/ || /k/ || /l/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| M m || N n || O o || R r || S s || T t || U u || V v || Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /m/ || /n/ || /o/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /u/ || /v/ || /z/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Oceanic Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The oceanic language family includes two major branches: northern and southern oceanic, commonly referred to as the &amp;quot;merfolk&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;naga&amp;quot; branches respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Merfolk Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The language of the merfolk is primarily spoken in the Bay of Pearls and the area around Jotha and Tirigaz, although minor merfolk settlements can be found all over the shores of the Great Continent from the Far North to the deserts of the south.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Notable features of the merfolk language's phonology include the four long vowel variants, widespread vowel hiatus, a large amount of fricatives as well as a voiceless approximant series (/ç/ and /h/ are considered to actually be [j̊] and [ʍ] by some scholars).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Stop&lt;br /&gt;
| p b&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| c&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| f v&lt;br /&gt;
| θ ð&lt;br /&gt;
| s z&lt;br /&gt;
| ç&lt;br /&gt;
| x~h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| l̥ l&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| w&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| r&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! unr. || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | rounded&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| ɪ iː || ʏ yː&lt;br /&gt;
| ʊ uː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| ɛ ||&lt;br /&gt;
| ɔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; | a aː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; | ai̯&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Most mermen live in isolation in shallow ocean waters and use their own script. During the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#417-530_YW:_The_Turmoil_of_Asheviere|Turmoil of Asheviere]] many coastal merfolk were made to join the sides of the conflict and integrate into army structures, adopting the wesnothian steel-hand with it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;7&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Merfolk alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || Ā ā || B b || C c || D d || E e || G g&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /aː/ || /b/ || /c/ || /d/ || /ɛ/ || /g/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| H h || I i || Ī ī || J j || K k || L l || M m&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /h/ || /ɪ/ || /iː/ || /j/ || /k/ || /l/ || /m/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| N n || O o || P p || R r || S s || T t || U u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /n/ || /ɔ/ || /p/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /ʊ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Ū ū || V v || W w || Y y || Ȳ ȳ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /uː/ || /v/ || /w/ || /ʏ/ || /yː/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /z/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;8&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Merfolk alphabet''' (merfolk script)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Α α || Ᾱ ᾱ || Β β || Γ γ || Δ δ || Ε ε || Ζ ζ || Θ θ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /aː/ || /v/ || /g/ || /ð/ || /ɛ/ || /z/ || /θ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Ι ι || Ῑ ῑ || Κ κ || Λ λ || Μ μ || Ν ν || Ο ο || Π π&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ɪ/ || /iː/ || /k/ || /l/ || /m/ || /n/ || /ɔ/ || /p/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Ρ ρ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Σ σ/ς || Τ τ || Υ υ || Ῡ ῡ || Φ φ || Χ χ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /r/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /s/ || /t/ || /ʏ/ || /yː/ || /f/ || /h/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraphs ⟨ll/λλ⟩, ⟨ββ⟩, ⟨ph⟩, ⟨th⟩, ⟨dh⟩, ⟨ch/χι⟩, ⟨kh⟩, ⟨κι⟩, ⟨μπ⟩, ⟨ντ⟩, ⟨ου⟩ and ⟨οῡ⟩ are used to represent the phonemes /l̥/, /w/, /f/, /θ/, /ð/, /ç/, [x], /c/, /b/, /d/, /ʊ/ and /uː/ respectively. The grapheme ⟨ι⟩ is also used to represent /j/, as well as palatalization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Naga Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The naga language is particularly widespread in the regions of the Sleepless Sea and the Bay of Clouds, far beyond the reach of the Kingdom of Wesnoth. Substantial naga populations can be found in the Far North as well, particularly in the Black Marshes and the river delta of the Bork River, where they consistently clash with the local merfolk.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The phonology of the naga language appears to be typologically unusual in comparison to other languages of Irdya. It has several laterals, but no voiced [l]. The voicing distinction among obstruents is missing as well, unlike in its sister language. Details of the fortis-lenis distinction are still a matter of debate among the scholars of Wesnoth, as fieldwork in naga territory comes with considerable risks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
! Fortis&lt;br /&gt;
| p|b̥&lt;br /&gt;
| t|d̥&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k|ɡ̊&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Lenis&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Sibilant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s̻&lt;br /&gt;
| s̺&lt;br /&gt;
| ç~ɕ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ʋ&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ɾ&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i iː&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a aː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | eɪ̯ aɪ̯ i̯a&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The dorsal sibilant varies in pronunciation depending on the dialect. Voiced variants of lateral consonants appear intervocalically as allophones, as does the phone [v] as an allophone of /ʋ/ before an onset of a syllable.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Front vowels /i/, /e/ and /a/ tend to lenite into [ɪ], [ə] and [ɐ] when unstressed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although the majority of the naga prefer to use the script of the dunefolk, learned from them due to years of coexistence, several communities in the Far North tend to use the wesnothian steel-hand as well.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;7&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Naga alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || Ą ą || B b || D d || E e || G g || H h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /aː/ || /b̥/ || /d̥/ || /e/ || /ɡ̊/ || /x/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| I i || Į į || K k || L l || M m || N n || O o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /i/ || /iː/ || /k/ || /ɬ/ || /m/ || /n/ || /o/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| P p || R r || S s || T t || V v || X x || Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /p/ || /ɾ/ || /s̺/ || /t/ || /ʋ/ || /ɕ/ || /s̻/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Naga alphabet''' (dunefolk script)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ص || ش || س || ر || د || خ || ت || ب || ا&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /s̻/ || /ɕ/ || /s̺/ || /ɾ/ || /d̥/ || /x/ || /t/ || /b̥/ || /aː/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ي || و || ە || ن || م || ل || ك || غ || ط&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /iː/ || /ʋ/ || /e/ || /n/ || /m/ || /ɬ/ || /k/ || /ɡ̊/ || /t͡ɬ/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraph ⟨ll⟩ is used to represent /t͡ɬ/ in the steel-hand alphabet. Vowels /i/, /o, /a/ are typically not written in the dunefolk script, but can be represented with the diacritics ⟨ــِـ⟩, ⟨ــُـ⟩ and ⟨ــَـ⟩ respectively. ⟨i⟩ and ⟨ي⟩ also represent /j/ in diphthongs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Gryphon Language ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The gryphon language is spoken by the gryphons of the Gryphon Mountain and the surrounding gryphon populations nearing Knalga.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonology ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Due to the biological constraints the gryphons possess, the diversity of sounds they are able to make appears to be quite limited.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Stop&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| q ɢ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
! short&lt;br /&gt;
| s z&lt;br /&gt;
| ʂ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! gem.&lt;br /&gt;
| sː zː&lt;br /&gt;
| ʂː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
! short&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| r&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! gem.&lt;br /&gt;
| jː&lt;br /&gt;
| rː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Front !! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; | Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! short || long ||  short || long || overl.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i || iː || u || uː || uːː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e || eː || o || oː ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
|  ||  ||  a || aː || aːː&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The rhotic /r/ varies greatly in pronunciation, but is most often pronounced as [ɰ].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Orthography ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The gryphons themselves do not write their language down. For the purpose of keeping records and writing down names, the following alphabet is used in Wesnoth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Gryphon alphabet'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || E e || G g || I i || K k || O o || R r || S s || Y y || Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /e/ || /ɢ/ || /i/ || /q/ || /o/ || /r/ || /s/ || /j/ || /z/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraph ⟨sh⟩ is used for /ʂ/. Vowel length and gemination are represented by doubling/trippling the corresponding letter (/ʂː/ is written as ⟨sshh⟩).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See Also ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Races]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[CampaignDialogue|Campaign Dialogue]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:World of Wesnoth]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Elves&amp;diff=75471</id>
		<title>Elves</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Elves&amp;diff=75471"/>
		<updated>2026-06-29T07:56:51Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: Added {{Translations}} template, updated race tree link&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Race |&lt;br /&gt;
race = Elves |&lt;br /&gt;
image= &lt;br /&gt;
https://units.wesnoth.org/1.8/pics/00043_marshal.png |&lt;br /&gt;
faction=[[Rebels]] |&lt;br /&gt;
alignment=Neutral |&lt;br /&gt;
tree=[https://units.wesnoth.org/1.18/mainline/en_US/mainline.html#Elves 1.18]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Translations}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--The text of the article is the official in-game race description. Please do not add or remove text unless it actually changes in-game.--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Compared to [[humans]], elves are somewhat taller, more agile but less sturdy. They have slightly pointy ears, pale skin and usually blond hair. Few differences between humans and elves are more pronounced than the Elves’ unusually long life — most, unless claimed by illness, accident or war, live a full two and a half centuries. While some elves possessing a high magical aptitude have been known to live an additional full century, most elves begin to grow physically frail at some point between 250 and 300 years of age and pass away rapidly (generally within a year or two) thereafter.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Elves are naturally imbued with magic to a small degree. Though most are unable to channel it directly, its latent presence gives them their keen senses and long life. Many elves have magic-driven talents such as marksmanship or stealth, allowing them to achieve tasks that most normal beings would find astonishing. Those elves that learn to wield this power in more general ways can become truly formidable in its use. Many choose to use their gift to heal others.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A few elves. venturing far down the paths of magic and mysticism, become sensitive to the presence of cold iron and can even be burned by it. Elvish legend hints that this was more common in the far past.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;thumb tleft&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[https://www.wesnoth.org/images/sshots/wesnoth-1.9.0-4.jpg https://www.wesnoth.org/images/sshots/wesnoth-1.9.0-4-175.jpg]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;thumbcaption&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Erlornas and his troops meet&amp;lt;br&amp;gt; Rualsha in An Orcish Incursion&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Elves spend much of their time honing their talents and skills. Those not adept at the magical arts typically devote their time honing their physical skills. As a result, elves excel at archery, which is perhaps their most important method of warfare. Most elvish troops carry a bow and no other race can rival their archers in speed and accuracy. All elves also share an intense affection for unspoiled nature. They often feel uncomfortable in open unvegetated spaces. They live primarily in the forests of the Great Continent; the Aethenwood in the southwest, Wesmere in the northwest, and the great northern woods of which the Lintanir Forest is the southernmost edge. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Elves are the eldest race of the continent, with the possible exception of trolls. Many of their settlements cannot be reliably dated, undoubtedly having existed for over a millennium.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===See also===&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Rebels]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Racebox}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Races]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Elves/ru&amp;diff=75470</id>
		<title>Elves/ru</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Elves/ru&amp;diff=75470"/>
		<updated>2026-06-29T07:54:46Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: Created page with &amp;quot;{{Race/ru | race = Эльфы | image= https://units.wesnoth.org/1.8/pics/00043_marshal.png | faction=Мятежники | alignment=Нейтральные | tre...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Race/ru |&lt;br /&gt;
race = Эльфы |&lt;br /&gt;
image=&lt;br /&gt;
https://units.wesnoth.org/1.8/pics/00043_marshal.png |&lt;br /&gt;
faction=[[Rebels/ru|Мятежники]] |&lt;br /&gt;
alignment=Нейтральные |&lt;br /&gt;
tree=[https://units.wesnoth.org/1.18/mainline/ru_RU/mainline.html#Эльфы 1.18]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Translations}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--Текст этой статьи взят из официального расового описания в игровой справке. Пожалуйста, не добавляйте и не убирайте текст, если только он не изменится в самой игре. (Если текст этой статьи по какой-то причине не соотносится с текстом в игре — пожалуйста, уведомите об этом текущего координатора перевода как можно скорее)&lt;br /&gt;
Тег &amp;lt;onlyinclude&amp;gt; здесь для того, чтобы ссылаться на этот абзац в статьях о расах и фракциях--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;onlyinclude&amp;gt;Эльфы, в сравнении с [[humans/ru|людьми]], выше ростом и ловкостью рук, но телом они менее крепки. Их уши слегка заострены, а волосы с кожей обычно светлые и бледные. Однако ни одно различие людей и эльфов не выразительно настолько, как продолжительность жизни последних — если только их не унесёт болезнь, война или бедствие, эльфы проживают по крайней мере два полных века. Хотя известно, что некоторые из тех, кто обладал глубокими познаниями магии, смогли прожить дольше, в промежутке между 250 и 300 лет отроду тела большинства эльфов начинают стремительно ослабевать, и вскоре этот мир они покидают.&amp;lt;/onlyinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Большинству эльфов свойственна страстная привязанность к нетронутой природе — им неуютно на открытой, не поросшей растениями местности. Они живут прежде всего в лесах Большого Континента: в Этенвуде на юго-западе, в Весмире на северо-западе и в широких северных лесах, к южной границе которых принадлежит лес Линтанир.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Считается, что эльфы — старейшая раса материка, за возможным исключением троллей. Возраст многих их поселений не поддаётся определению — без  сомнений, они существовали многие тысячелетия.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Магия ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Хотя эльфы представляют из себя коренным образом иных существ, чем известных по легендам файери, их магия в некоторой степени связана с волшебством фей, как и источник их невероятно утончённых чувств и продолжительных жизней.&lt;br /&gt;
Эльфийская магия разделена на две различные тропы: первая связана с преображением природы и мира смертных, вторая — с прозрением в мистический план бытия. Гораздо чаще они выбирают путь изменения живого, ведь его последствия более ощутимы, нежели у его мистической противоположности. Пускай эльфийское волшебство природы не слишком-то подходит к сражениям, её могущественная способность подпитываться от энергий земли, чтобы вскармливать и защищать, — основная причина как действенности эльфийских целителей, так и красоты и здоровья их лесов.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Тех, кто следуют по мистическому пути, другие эльфы почитают не меньше, но их способности и стремления часто неясны всем, кто не входит в их орден. Некоторые из тех, что погрузились далеко в глубины мистицизма, приобретают более фееподобные черты, получая сверхъестественную интуицию и продолжительность жизни, но тем самым становятся уязвимыми к холодному железу — оно даже начинает их сжигать.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;thumb tleft&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[https://www.wesnoth.org/images/sshots/wesnoth-1.9.0-4.jpg https://www.wesnoth.org/images/sshots/wesnoth-1.9.0-4-175.jpg]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;thumbcaption&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Эрлорнас и его бойца встречают&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;Руалша в кампании «Набег Орков»&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Культура ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Эльфы проводят большую часть своей жизни, оттачивая свои навыки и задатки. Те же, кто неумел в магических искусствах, обычно посвящают время развитию физических умений, часто ради спортивных состязаний. Как итог, из эльфов выходят превосходные лучники — это ремесло можно быстро применять в битве со впечатляющими успехами. Из эльфов происходит много знаменитых музыкантов, особенно способных в обращении с духовыми и струнно-щипковыми инструментами, они собираются в небольшие ансамбли. Эоловы арфы Этенвуда, например, выполнены из изумительной древесины эльфийских тисовых деревьев — ходят легенды об их мягких, плавных тонах.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Общество ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Общество эльфов в примерно равной доле разделено на три сословья: полу-воинственную фракцию, ответственную за защиту их лесов; мирных жителей, обычно ремесленников и зодчих; а также лекарей и посвящённых, они поддерживают связь эльфов с файери. За управление всеми тремя сторонами жизни несёт ответственность дворянство, к которым относятся скорее как к слугам обширного общественного порядка, чем как к строгим правителям народа. Порядок выделения знати в разнообразных эльфийских конклавах различается: правящий совет Весмира — Калиан — избирается на выборах, а дворянство в Линтанире достаётся по наследству.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
В трудные времена иерархия руководства становится подвижнее, и обыкновенные аристократы передают бразды правления более военизированным маршалам. По традиции, как в Весмире, так и в Линтанире кроме этого приглашают колдунью из ордена посвященных, чтобы ускорить передачу власти.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== См. также ===&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Rebels/ru|Мятежники]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Racebox/ru}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Races]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Humans&amp;diff=75469</id>
		<title>Humans</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Humans&amp;diff=75469"/>
		<updated>2026-06-29T07:39:40Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: Added {{Translations}} template, updated race tree link&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Race |&lt;br /&gt;
race = Humans |&lt;br /&gt;
image= &lt;br /&gt;
https://units.wesnoth.org/1.8/pics/00110_general.png |&lt;br /&gt;
faction=[[Loyalists]], [[Knalgan Alliance]], [[Undead]], [[Rebels]] |&lt;br /&gt;
alignment=Lawful, Neutral, Chaotic |&lt;br /&gt;
tree=[https://units.wesnoth.org/1.18/mainline/en_US/mainline.html#Humans 1.18]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Translations}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--The text of the article is the official in-game race description. Please do not add or remove text unless it actually changes in-game.--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
The race of men is an extremely diverse one. Although they originally came from the Old Continent, men have spread all over the world and split into many different cultures and races. Although they are not imbued with magic like other creatures, '''humans''' can learn to wield it and able to learn more types than most others. They have no extra special abilities or aptitudes except their versatility and drive. While often at odds with all races, they can occasionally form alliances with the less aggressive races such as [[elves]] and [[dwarves]]. The less scrupulous among them do not shrink back from hiring [[Orcs|orcish]] mercenaries, either. They have no natural enemies, although the majority of men, like most people of all races, have an instinctive dislike of the [[Undead (race)|undead]]. Men are shorter than the elves, but taller still than dwarves. Their skin color can vary, from almost white to dark brown.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;thumb tright&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[https://www.wesnoth.org/images/sshots/wesnoth-1.9.0-1.jpg https://www.wesnoth.org/images/sshots/wesnoth-1.9.0-1-175.jpg]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;thumbcaption&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Fighting against the Undead&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
in Heir to the Throne&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
===Subjects of the Crown===&lt;br /&gt;
Many different groups of men exist, but the majority of them on the Great Continent live under the rule of the Crown of Wesnoth. The humans first appeared on the Great Continent from a land far across the ocean to the West, the Green Isle, and soon established their capital at the inland city of Weldyn. Over the following centuries they have built up a number cities across the continent. The soldiers from the Crown of Wesnoth protect the country, forming the most organized military force in the known world. Its warriors come from the main provinces, where all men are conscripted at an early age.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===The Clansmen===&lt;br /&gt;
The eastern provinces of Wesnoth, known as the Clan Homelands, have a geography consisting of more open plains and rolling hills than the western, more civilized provinces. They are home to the Horse Clans, who are allied with the Crown of Wesnoth but operate independently and maintain their own identity. Some consider them to be a tributary state, which sends food and soldiers to Crown in exchange for protection. Others say they are on equal footing with the western half of Wesnoth. In any case, the eastern provinces do not have a conscript army the way Western Wesnoth does. Training for fighting is part of the way of life of the Clans; the parents teach the children to ride horses, fight and shoot a bow from an early age. In general, the Clan warriors are less organized than the civilized fighters, and the strengths and weaknesses of these groups complement each other.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===See also===&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Loyalists]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Knalgan Alliance]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Undead]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Rebels]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Racebox}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Races]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Humans/ru&amp;diff=75468</id>
		<title>Humans/ru</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Humans/ru&amp;diff=75468"/>
		<updated>2026-06-29T07:38:28Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: Created page with &amp;quot;{{Race/ru | race = Люди | image= https://units.wesnoth.org/1.8/pics/00110_general.png | faction=Лоялисты, Knalgan Alliance/ru|Альянс Кн...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Race/ru |&lt;br /&gt;
race = Люди |&lt;br /&gt;
image=&lt;br /&gt;
https://units.wesnoth.org/1.8/pics/00110_general.png |&lt;br /&gt;
faction=[[Loyalists/ru|Лоялисты]], [[Knalgan Alliance/ru|Альянс Кналга]], [[Undead/ru|Нежить]], [[Rebels/ru|Мятежники]] |&lt;br /&gt;
alignment=Порядочные, Нейтральные, Хаотичные |&lt;br /&gt;
tree=[https://units.wesnoth.org/1.18/mainline/ru_RU/mainline.html#Люди 1.18]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Translations}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!--Текст этой статьи взят из официального расового описания в игровой справке. Пожалуйста, не добавляйте и не убирайте текст, если только он не изменится в самой игре. (Если текст этой статьи по какой-то причине не соотносится с текстом в игре — пожалуйста, уведомите об этом текущего координатора перевода как можно скорее)&lt;br /&gt;
Тег &amp;lt;onlyinclude&amp;gt; здесь для того, чтобы ссылаться на этот абзац в статьях о расах и фракциях--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;onlyinclude&amp;gt;Человеческая раса чрезвычайно разнообразна. Хотя изначально люди прибыли со Старого Континента, они распространились по всему миру и разделились на множество различных культур и рас. Хотя в них нет внутренней магии, как в других существах, они могут учиться пользоваться ею, причём, могут использовалось больше типов магии, чем большинство других существ. У них нет каких-то специальный способностей, кроме универсальности и энергичности. Хотя они часто не в ладах с другими народами, они, всё же, могут иногда вступать в союз с менее агрессивными расами, такими, как [[elves/ru|эльфы]] и [[dwarves/ru|гномы]]. Впрочем, менее щепетильные из них не гнушаются и использованием [[orcs/ru|орочьих]] наёмников. У них нет естественных врагов, хотя большинство людей, как, впрочем, и членов других рас, испытывают инстинктивное отвращение к [[undead (race)/ru|нежити]]. Люди ростом ниже эльфов, хотя и выше, чем гномы. Цвет их кожи может быть различным, от почти белого до тёмно-коричневого.&amp;lt;/onlyinclude&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;thumb tright&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[https://www.wesnoth.org/images/sshots/wesnoth-1.9.0-1.jpg https://www.wesnoth.org/images/sshots/wesnoth-1.9.0-1-175.jpg]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;thumbcaption&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Сражение с Нежитью&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
в кампании «Наследник Престола»&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
=== Подданные Короны ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Существуют различные группы людей, но большинство живущих на Великом Континенте находятся под владычеством Королевства Веснот. Люди впервые&lt;br /&gt;
появились на Великом Континенте, придя из-за океана, с Запада, с Зелёного Острова, и вскоре основали свою столицу внутри страны, в городе Велдин. В последующие столетия они построили множество городов по всему континенту.&lt;br /&gt;
Солдаты Королевства Веснот защищают страну, составляя наиболее организованную военную силу в обитаемом мире. Эту армию составляют люди из&lt;br /&gt;
основных провинций, рекрутов призывают на службу в молодом возрасте.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Люди Клана ===&lt;br /&gt;
Восточные провинции Веснота, известные как Территория Клана, состоит преимущественно из открытых равнин и холмов, что отличает её от более&lt;br /&gt;
цивилизованных западных провинций. Здесь живут члены Конных Кланов, которые состоят в союзе с Королевством Веснот, но действуют независимо и&lt;br /&gt;
поддерживают свой суверенитет. Некоторые считают их данниками Королевства, посылающими туда продукты и солдат в обмен на защиту. Другие же говорят, что они имеют равные права с западной частью Веснота. В любом случае, восточные провинции не имеют призывной армии, подобной западным. Обучение бою является неотъемлемой частью жизни членов клана; родители с малолетства обучают детей конной езде, умению обращаться с мечом и луком. В целом, воины Клана менее организованы, чем члены регулярной армии, и их силы и слабости компенсируют друг друга.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== См. также ===&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Loyalists/ru|Лоялисты]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Knalgan Alliance/ru|Альянс Кналга]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Undead/ru|Нежить]]&lt;br /&gt;
*[[Rebels/ru|Мятежники]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Racebox/ru}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Races]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Template:Race/ru&amp;diff=75467</id>
		<title>Template:Race/ru</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Template:Race/ru&amp;diff=75467"/>
		<updated>2026-06-29T07:11:46Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=340 style=&amp;quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #F8EAD1; border: 1px #E4BC7B solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''{{{race}}}'''&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;|{{{image}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|'''[[Faction/ru|Фракции]]''' || {{{faction}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|'''Тип''' || {{{alignment}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|'''Древо бойцов''' || {{{tree}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;{{template}}&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Dunefolk&amp;diff=75461</id>
		<title>Dunefolk</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Dunefolk&amp;diff=75461"/>
		<updated>2026-06-28T08:24:45Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: Added {{Translations}} template&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Faction |&lt;br /&gt;
faction = Dunefolk|&lt;br /&gt;
image= &lt;br /&gt;
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/1.16/data/core/images/units/dunefolk/rover/rover.png |&lt;br /&gt;
era=[[Default Era]] |&lt;br /&gt;
race=[[Dunefolk]], [[Nagas]] |&lt;br /&gt;
alignment=Lawful, liminal, neutral|&lt;br /&gt;
units=Dune Burner, Dune Herbalist, Dune Rider, Dune Rover, Dune Skirmisher, Dune Soldier, Naga Dirkfang |&lt;br /&gt;
tactics=[[How to play Dunefolk]] |&lt;br /&gt;
tree=[https://www.wesnoth.org/units/1.16/mainline/en_US/era_dunefolk.html#Dunefolk 1.16] &lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Translations}}&lt;br /&gt;
Dunefolk is a relatively new faction of humans from far desert lands, who choose to not use magic. There is not much, that other races know about Dunefolk, yet... with exception of fact, that some of the Naga agreed to guard important waters near their homeland.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Factionbox}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Factions]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Dunefolk/ru&amp;diff=75460</id>
		<title>Dunefolk/ru</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Dunefolk/ru&amp;diff=75460"/>
		<updated>2026-06-28T08:24:26Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: Created page with &amp;quot;{{Faction/ru | faction = Народ пустыни| image= https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/1.16/data/core/images/units/dunefolk/rover/rover.png | era=Defau...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Faction/ru |&lt;br /&gt;
faction = Народ пустыни|&lt;br /&gt;
image=&lt;br /&gt;
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/1.16/data/core/images/units/dunefolk/rover/rover.png |&lt;br /&gt;
era=[[Default Era/ru|Эра по умолчанию]] |&lt;br /&gt;
race=[[Dunefolk/ru|Народ пустыни]], [[Nagas/ru|Наги]] |&lt;br /&gt;
alignment=Порядочные, Сумеречные, Нейтральные|&lt;br /&gt;
units=Поджигатель, Лекарь, Конник, Егерь, Разведчица, Мечник, Южный наг |&lt;br /&gt;
tactics=[[How to play Dunefolk/ru|Как играть Народом пустыни]] |&lt;br /&gt;
tree=[https://www.wesnoth.org/units/1.18/mainline/ru_RU/era_dunefolk.html#Dunefolk 1.18]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Translations}}&lt;br /&gt;
Народ Пустыни — относительно новая фракция людей из далёких пустынных земель, избравшие не использовать магию. Пока-что другие расы знают о них лишь немногое... за исключением того, что некоторые наги согласились охранять важные воды возле их родины.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Factionbox/ru}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Factions]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Drakes&amp;diff=75459</id>
		<title>Drakes</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Drakes&amp;diff=75459"/>
		<updated>2026-06-28T08:19:27Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: Added {{Translations}} template&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Faction |&lt;br /&gt;
faction = Drakes |&lt;br /&gt;
image= &lt;br /&gt;
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/1.16/data/core/images/units/drakes/flameheart-lead-2.png |&lt;br /&gt;
era=[[Default Era]] |&lt;br /&gt;
race=[[Drakes (race)|Drakes]], [[Saurians]] |&lt;br /&gt;
alignment=Lawful, Chaotic |&lt;br /&gt;
units=Drake Burner, Drake Clasher, Drake Glider, Drake Fighter, Saurian Skirmisher, Saurian Augur |&lt;br /&gt;
tactics=[[How to play Drakes]] |&lt;br /&gt;
tree=[https://www.wesnoth.org/units/1.18/mainline/en_US/era_dunefolk.html#Drakes 1.18] &lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Translations}}&lt;br /&gt;
The '''Drakes''' are a faction of dragon-like [[Drakes (race)|Drakes]] and their lizard [[Saurians|Saurian]] allies. Drakes are descendants of dragons, but smaller in size. Saurians are considerably smaller than Drakes and from different ancestry. Together, the Drake faction has high mobility but low defense, leading to unusual tactics for a [[Default Era]] faction. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Races==&lt;br /&gt;
===Drakes===&lt;br /&gt;
''Main article: [[Drakes (race)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Drakes are large, winged and fire-breathing creatures, reminiscent of true dragons. On average, an adult drake stands around three meters tall and easily weighs more than a man and a horse combined. Their skin is made up of hard scales, resistant to most physical strikes except piercing and cold damage. Most drakes are capable of true flight and can travel long distances quickly. However, their sheer weight and bulk limits their flight ability somewhat, making them ungainly in the air. Where possible, they make use of terrain features such as hills, mountains and trees as launch points in order to gain greater height and speed. Fortunately for their enemies, they are still quite clumsy creatures and surprisingly slow in combat. This, combined with their large size, renders them easy targets for those who dare attack them.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Some drakes prefer their mobility over heavy armor and can quickly scout for dangers ahead. Another group is wearing powerful blades and armor, that make them dangerous on the ground, but it also unables them to fly.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Saurians===&lt;br /&gt;
''Main article: [[Saurians]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Saurians are the smaller, more crafty allies of the Drakes. They often live in swamps or other damp places. Saurians are very small of frame, and though they are somewhat frail because of this, they are very, very agile. In combat, their size allows some of them to dart past defenses that would hold any grown man at bay, making them a tricky foe to deal with. Other saurians have some knowledge of what men call sorcery, but their practice of it reeks of augury and black magic. It is little understood, but rightly regarded with fear by those against whom it is used.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Tactics==&lt;br /&gt;
''Main article: [[How to play Drakes]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Drakes generally win by dealing the most damage. Their units are big and deadly, but they're also more expensive than most. The best way to play Drakes is to take advantage of having the best mobility in the game by placing the units in hard-to-access places such as behind mountains or across water from their opponent. Drakes have the advantage by being able to decide when and where battles will happen. Their major disadvantage is how easily their units will take damage. Because of this they usually want to be the aggressor in battle to kill a unit or two, get damaged, and then flee to heal. Having a mobile healer helps with this if villages are sparse.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Factionbox}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Factions]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Drakes/ru&amp;diff=75458</id>
		<title>Drakes/ru</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Drakes/ru&amp;diff=75458"/>
		<updated>2026-06-28T08:19:06Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Faction/ru |&lt;br /&gt;
faction = Дрейки |&lt;br /&gt;
image=&lt;br /&gt;
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/1.16/data/core/images/units/drakes/flameheart-lead-2.png |&lt;br /&gt;
era=[[Default Era/ru|Эра по умолчанию]] |&lt;br /&gt;
race=[[Drakes (race)/ru|Дрейки]], [[Saurians/ru|Ящеры]] |&lt;br /&gt;
alignment=Нейтральные, Хаотичные |&lt;br /&gt;
units=Огненный, Страж, Охотник, Солдат, Застрельщица, Авгур |&lt;br /&gt;
tactics=[[How to play Drakes/ru|Как играть Дрейками]] |&lt;br /&gt;
tree=[https://www.wesnoth.org/units/1.18/mainline/ru_RU/era_dunefolk.html#Дрейки 1.18]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Translations}}&lt;br /&gt;
'''Дрейки''' — это фракция драконоподобных [[Drakes (race)/ru|Дрейков]] и их союзников-[[Saurians/ru|ящеров]]. Дрейки — потомки драконов, но меньшего размера. Ящеры значительно меньше Дрейков и имеют другое происхождение. Вместе фракция Дрейков обладает высокой мобильностью, но низкой защитой, что приводит к необычной тактике для фракции эпохи [[Default Era/ru|Эры по умолчанию]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Расы ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Дрейки ===&lt;br /&gt;
''Основная статья: [[Drakes (race)/ru|Дрейки]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Дрейки — большие, крылатые и огнедышащие существа, напоминающие настоящих драконов. В среднем взрослый дрейк имеет рост около трёх метров и весит больше, чем человек и лошадь вместе взятые. Их кожа состоит из твёрдых чешуек, устойчивых к большинству физических ударов, за исключением колющих повреждений и холода. Большинство дрейков способны летать и тем самым быстро преодолевать большие расстояния. Однако их огромный вес и объём несколько ограничивают их лётные способности, делая их неуклюжими в воздухе. Там, где это возможно, они используют особенности местности, такие как холмы, горы и деревья, в качестве точек запуска, чтобы набрать бо́льшую высоту и скорость. К счастью для их врагов, они по-прежнему довольно неуклюжие существа и на удивление медлительны в бою. Это, в сочетании с их большим размером, делает их лёгкой мишенью для тех, кто осмелится напасть на них.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Ящеры ===&lt;br /&gt;
''Основная статья: [[Saurian/ru|Ящеры]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ящеры — мелкие и проворные союзники дрейков. Они часто живут на болотах и других влажных местах. Ящеры очень малы по телосложению, и хотя из-за этого они несколько хрупки, они очень, очень ловки. В бою их размер позволяет некоторым из них прорываться сквозь оборону, которая сдержала бы любого рослого бойца, что делает их опасным противником. Другие ящеры обладают некоторыми знаниями о том, что люди называют колдовством, но их магия отдаёт гаданием и чёрной магией. О ней мало что известно, но она справедливо вызывает страх у тех, против кого она используется.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Тактика ==&lt;br /&gt;
''Основная статья: [[How to play Drakes/ru|Как играть Дрейками]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Дрейки, как правило, побеждают, нанося больше всего урона. Их бойцы большие и смертоносные, но и стоят дороже большинства других. Лучший способ играть за Дрейков — использовать их превосходную мобильность, размещая бойцов в труднодоступных местах, например, за горами или за водой от противника. Преимущество Дрейков заключается в возможности решать, когда и где будут происходить сражения. Их главный недостаток — высокая вероятность получения урона их юнитами. Поэтому они обычно стремятся быть агрессорами в бою, чтобы убить одного-двух юнитов, получить урон, а затем сбежать, чтобы восстановить здоровье. Наличие мобильного целителя помогает в этом, если деревень мало.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Factionbox/ru}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Factions]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Drakes/ru&amp;diff=75457</id>
		<title>Drakes/ru</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Drakes/ru&amp;diff=75457"/>
		<updated>2026-06-28T08:18:52Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: Created page with &amp;quot;{{Faction/ru | faction = Дрейки | image= https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/1.16/data/core/images/units/drakes/flameheart-lead-2.png | era=Default Era/r...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Faction/ru |&lt;br /&gt;
faction = Дрейки |&lt;br /&gt;
image=&lt;br /&gt;
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/1.16/data/core/images/units/drakes/flameheart-lead-2.png |&lt;br /&gt;
era=[[Default Era/ru|Эра по умолчанию]] |&lt;br /&gt;
race=[[Drakes (race)/ru|Дрейки]], [[Saurians/ru|Ящеры]] |&lt;br /&gt;
alignment=Нейтральные, Хаотичные |&lt;br /&gt;
units=Огненный, Страж, Охотник, Солдат, Застрельщица, Авгур |&lt;br /&gt;
tactics=[[How to play Drakes/ru|Как играть Дрейками]] |&lt;br /&gt;
tree=[https://www.wesnoth.org/units/1.18/mainline/ru_RU/era_dunefolk.html#Дрейки 1.18]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Дрейки''' — это фракция драконоподобных [[Drakes (race)/ru|Дрейков]] и их союзников-[[Saurians/ru|ящеров]]. Дрейки — потомки драконов, но меньшего размера. Ящеры значительно меньше Дрейков и имеют другое происхождение. Вместе фракция Дрейков обладает высокой мобильностью, но низкой защитой, что приводит к необычной тактике для фракции эпохи [[Default Era/ru|Эры по умолчанию]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Расы ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Дрейки ===&lt;br /&gt;
''Основная статья: [[Drakes (race)/ru|Дрейки]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Дрейки — большие, крылатые и огнедышащие существа, напоминающие настоящих драконов. В среднем взрослый дрейк имеет рост около трёх метров и весит больше, чем человек и лошадь вместе взятые. Их кожа состоит из твёрдых чешуек, устойчивых к большинству физических ударов, за исключением колющих повреждений и холода. Большинство дрейков способны летать и тем самым быстро преодолевать большие расстояния. Однако их огромный вес и объём несколько ограничивают их лётные способности, делая их неуклюжими в воздухе. Там, где это возможно, они используют особенности местности, такие как холмы, горы и деревья, в качестве точек запуска, чтобы набрать бо́льшую высоту и скорость. К счастью для их врагов, они по-прежнему довольно неуклюжие существа и на удивление медлительны в бою. Это, в сочетании с их большим размером, делает их лёгкой мишенью для тех, кто осмелится напасть на них.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Ящеры ===&lt;br /&gt;
''Основная статья: [[Saurian/ru|Ящеры]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Ящеры — мелкие и проворные союзники дрейков. Они часто живут на болотах и других влажных местах. Ящеры очень малы по телосложению, и хотя из-за этого они несколько хрупки, они очень, очень ловки. В бою их размер позволяет некоторым из них прорываться сквозь оборону, которая сдержала бы любого рослого бойца, что делает их опасным противником. Другие ящеры обладают некоторыми знаниями о том, что люди называют колдовством, но их магия отдаёт гаданием и чёрной магией. О ней мало что известно, но она справедливо вызывает страх у тех, против кого она используется.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Тактика ==&lt;br /&gt;
''Основная статья: [[How to play Drakes/ru|Как играть Дрейками]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Дрейки, как правило, побеждают, нанося больше всего урона. Их бойцы большие и смертоносные, но и стоят дороже большинства других. Лучший способ играть за Дрейков — использовать их превосходную мобильность, размещая бойцов в труднодоступных местах, например, за горами или за водой от противника. Преимущество Дрейков заключается в возможности решать, когда и где будут происходить сражения. Их главный недостаток — высокая вероятность получения урона их юнитами. Поэтому они обычно стремятся быть агрессорами в бою, чтобы убить одного-двух юнитов, получить урон, а затем сбежать, чтобы восстановить здоровье. Наличие мобильного целителя помогает в этом, если деревень мало.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Factionbox/ru}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Factions]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Languages_of_Wesnoth&amp;diff=75456</id>
		<title>Languages of Wesnoth</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Languages_of_Wesnoth&amp;diff=75456"/>
		<updated>2026-06-28T08:08:02Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: Added gryphon language&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Translations}}&lt;br /&gt;
The world of Wesnoth is as rich in languages as it is in all sorts of creatures and races that inhabit it. Although fieldwork in distant lands is never easy, many mages from the Great Academy on Alduin as well as other scholars from Weldyn and Elensefar have managed to assemble impressive archives full of manuscripts on the various languages ​​of Irdya. Most of them date back to the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#628-673_YW:_The_Silver_Age_of_Wesnoth|Silver Age of Wesnoth (628-673 YW)]] and the peaceful reign of [[CharactersStorys#Konrad_II|Konrad II]], which sparked a minor scientific renaissance in the kingdom, reviving the level of interest in linguistics among the scholars seen before only during the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#200-350 YW: The Golden Age of Wesnoth|Golden Age of Wesnoth (200-350 YW)]].&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;tright&amp;quot;&amp;gt;__TOC__&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== Drake Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Continental Drakish ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Continental Drakish phonology consists of the following phonemes:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Coronal !! Post-&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;alveolar !! Velar !! Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
| ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| v&lt;br /&gt;
| θ s&lt;br /&gt;
| ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Liquid&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| r l&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!Front&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i&lt;br /&gt;
| u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e&lt;br /&gt;
| o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | au̯&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Presumably, all consonants can be geminated and all vowels have a corresponding nasal variant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
* All phonemes are orthographically represented the same way they are in english, except for /ʔ/, which is written as an apostrophe ⟨'⟩.&lt;br /&gt;
* Final ⟨hn⟩ serves as a nasalization marker.&lt;br /&gt;
* Final ⟨é⟩ indicates the vowel is spoken rather than modifying a medial vowel (there is no silent final 'e' in the language).&lt;br /&gt;
* Word-final ⟨ck⟩ has the value /k/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Drake alphabet'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| A a || B b || C c || D d || E e || G g || I i || K k || L l&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /b/ || /k/ || /d/ || /e/ || /g/ || /i/ || /k/ || /l/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| M m || N n || O o || R r || S s || T t || U u || V v || Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /m/ || /n/ || /o/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /u/ || /v/ || /z/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Oceanic Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The oceanic language family includes two major branches: northern and southern oceanic, commonly referred to as the &amp;quot;merfolk&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;naga&amp;quot; branches respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Merfolk Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Notable features of the merfolk language's phonology include the four long vowel variants, widespread vowel hiatus, a large amount of fricatives as well as a voiceless approximant series (/ç/ and /h/ are considered to actually be [j̊] and [ʍ] by some scholars).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Stop&lt;br /&gt;
| p b&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| c&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| f v&lt;br /&gt;
| θ ð&lt;br /&gt;
| s z&lt;br /&gt;
| ç&lt;br /&gt;
| x~h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| l̥ l&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| w&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| r&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! unr. || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | rounded&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| ɪ iː || ʏ yː&lt;br /&gt;
| ʊ uː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| ɛ ||&lt;br /&gt;
| ɔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; | a aː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; | ai̯&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Most mermen live in isolation in shallow ocean waters and use their own script. During the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#417-530_YW:_The_Turmoil_of_Asheviere|Turmoil of Asheviere]] many coastal merfolk were made to join the sides of the conflict and integrate into army structures, adopting the wesnothian steel-hand with it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;7&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Merfolk alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || Ā ā || B b || C c || D d || E e || G g&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /aː/ || /b/ || /c/ || /d/ || /ɛ/ || /g/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| H h || I i || Ī ī || J j || K k || L l || M m&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /h/ || /ɪ/ || /iː/ || /j/ || /k/ || /l/ || /m/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| N n || O o || P p || R r || S s || T t || U u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /n/ || /ɔ/ || /p/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /ʊ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Ū ū || V v || W w || Y y || Ȳ ȳ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /uː/ || /v/ || /w/ || /ʏ/ || /yː/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /z/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;8&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Merfolk alphabet''' (merfolk script)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Α α || Ᾱ ᾱ || Β β || Γ γ || Δ δ || Ε ε || Ζ ζ || Θ θ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /aː/ || /v/ || /g/ || /ð/ || /ɛ/ || /z/ || /θ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Ι ι || Ῑ ῑ || Κ κ || Λ λ || Μ μ || Ν ν || Ο ο || Π π&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ɪ/ || /iː/ || /k/ || /l/ || /m/ || /n/ || /ɔ/ || /p/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Ρ ρ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Σ σ/ς || Τ τ || Υ υ || Ῡ ῡ || Φ φ || Χ χ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /r/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /s/ || /t/ || /ʏ/ || /yː/ || /f/ || /h/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraphs ⟨ll/λλ⟩, ⟨ββ⟩, ⟨ph⟩, ⟨th⟩, ⟨dh⟩, ⟨ch/χι⟩, ⟨kh⟩, ⟨κι⟩, ⟨μπ⟩, ⟨ντ⟩, ⟨ου⟩ and ⟨οῡ⟩ are used to represent the phonemes /l̥/, /w/, /f/, /θ/, /ð/, /ç/, [x], /c/, /b/, /d/, /ʊ/ and /uː/ respectively. The grapheme ⟨ι⟩ is also used to represent /j/, as well as palatalization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Naga Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The phonology of the naga language appears to be typologically unusual in comparison to other languages of Irdya. It has several laterals, but no voiced [l]. The voicing distinction among obstruents is missing as well, unlike in its sister language. Details of the fortis-lenis distinction are still a matter of debate among the scholars of Wesnoth, as fieldwork in naga territory comes with considerable risks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
! Fortis&lt;br /&gt;
| p|b̥&lt;br /&gt;
| t|d̥&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k|ɡ̊&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Lenis&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Sibilant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s̻&lt;br /&gt;
| s̺&lt;br /&gt;
| ç~ɕ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ʋ&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ɾ&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i iː&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a aː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | eɪ̯ aɪ̯ i̯a&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The dorsal sibilant varies in pronunciation depending on the dialect. Voiced variants of lateral consonants appear intervocalically as allophones, as does the phone [v] as an allophone of /ʋ/ before an onset of a syllable.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Front vowels /i/, /e/ and /a/ tend to lenite into [ɪ], [ə] and [ɐ] when unstressed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although the majority of the naga prefer to use the script of the dunefolk, learned from them due to years of coexistence, several communities in the Far North tend to use the wesnothian steel-hand as well.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;7&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Naga alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || Ą ą || B b || D d || E e || G g || H h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /aː/ || /b̥/ || /d̥/ || /e/ || /ɡ̊/ || /x/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| I i || Į į || K k || L l || M m || N n || O o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /i/ || /iː/ || /k/ || /ɬ/ || /m/ || /n/ || /o/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| P p || R r || S s || T t || V v || X x || Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /p/ || /ɾ/ || /s̺/ || /t/ || /ʋ/ || /ɕ/ || /s̻/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Naga alphabet''' (dunefolk script)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ص || ش || س || ر || د || خ || ت || ب || ا&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /s̻/ || /ɕ/ || /s̺/ || /ɾ/ || /d̥/ || /x/ || /t/ || /b̥/ || /aː/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ي || و || ە || ن || م || ل || ك || غ || ط&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /iː/ || /ʋ/ || /e/ || /n/ || /m/ || /ɬ/ || /k/ || /ɡ̊/ || /t͡ɬ/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraph ⟨ll⟩ is used to represent /t͡ɬ/ in the steel-hand alphabet. Vowels /i/, /o, /a/ are typically not written in the dunefolk script, but can be represented with the diacritics ⟨ــِـ⟩, ⟨ــُـ⟩ and ⟨ــَـ⟩ respectively. ⟨i⟩ and ⟨ي⟩ also represent /j/ in diphthongs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Gryphon Language ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Phonology ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Due to the biological constraints the gryphons possess, the diversity of sounds they are able to make appears to be quite limited.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Stop&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| q ɢ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
! short&lt;br /&gt;
| s z&lt;br /&gt;
| ʂ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! gem.&lt;br /&gt;
| sː zː&lt;br /&gt;
| ʂː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
! short&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| r&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! gem.&lt;br /&gt;
| jː&lt;br /&gt;
| rː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Front !! colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; | Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! short || long ||  short || long || overl.&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i || iː || u || uː || uːː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e || eː || o || oː ||&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
|  ||  ||  a || aː || aːː&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The rhotic /r/ varies greatly in pronunciation, but is most often pronounced as [ɰ].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Orthography ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The gryphons themselves do not write their language down. For the purpose of keeping records and writing down names, the following alphabet is used in Wesnoth.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;10&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Gryphon alphabet'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || E e || G g || I i || K k || O o || R r || S s || Y y || Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /e/ || /ɢ/ || /i/ || /q/ || /o/ || /r/ || /s/ || /j/ || /z/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraph ⟨sh⟩ is used for /ʂ/. Vowel length and gemination are represented by doubling/trippling the corresponding letter (/ʂː/ is written as ⟨sshh⟩).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See Also ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Races]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[CampaignDialogue|Campaign Dialogue]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:World of Wesnoth]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=RussianTranslation&amp;diff=75454</id>
		<title>RussianTranslation</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=RussianTranslation&amp;diff=75454"/>
		<updated>2026-06-28T07:20:26Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;tright&amp;quot;&amp;gt; __TOC__ &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== Команда русского перевода  ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Координатор перевода:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[User:Alexinor|Alexinor]] — [mailto:obolonkinATprotonDOTme obolonkinATprotonDOTme]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Текущие переводчики:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[User:Alexinor|Alexinor]] — [mailto:obolonkinATprotonDOTme obolonkinATprotonDOTme]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Благодарим за помощь:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* Artem Khrapov ([[User:kabachuha|kabachuha]]) — [mailto:artemkhrapov2001АТyandexDОTru artemkhrapov2001АТyandexDОTru] (предыдущий координатор)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[User:BabylonAS|BabylonAS]] — [mailto:BabylonASАТyandexDОTru BabylonASАТyandexDОTru]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[User:Dwarftough|dwarftough]], известный в дискорде как catbegemot)&lt;br /&gt;
* [[User:Aldarisvet|Aldarisvet]] — [mailto:rassvetozaaarАТgmailDОTcom rassvetozaaarАТgmailDОTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
* Olga Abramova ([[User:ilanacarra|ilanacarra]]) — [mailto:ilanacarraАТgmailDОTcom ilanacarraАТgmailDОTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
* Ishayahu Lastov&lt;br /&gt;
* Victor Sergienko ([[User:singalen|singalen]]) — [mailto:singalenАТgmailDОTcom singalenАТgmailDОTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
* Fallen Phoenix&lt;br /&gt;
* Fedor Khod'kov (teddy, [[User:Fkhodkov|Fkhodkov]]) — [mailto:fkhodkovATgmailDOTcom fkhodkovATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
* Sergey Khlutchin (Khlut) — [mailto:Sergey.KhlutchinATgmailDOTcom Sergey.KhlutchinATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
* Igor — [mailto:cheer6ATgmailDOTcom cheer6ATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
* Valentina Mukhamedzhanova (umi) — [mailto:umirraATgmailDOTcom umirraATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
* Fedor Gavrilov (gallowzbird) — [mailto:the.sun.turns.blackATgmailDOTcom the.sun.turns.blackATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
* Fardeil&lt;br /&gt;
* Danila Evstifeyev ([[User:MyOtheHedgeFox|MyOtheHedgeFox]]) — [mailto:a-ztechATyandexDOTru a-ztechATyandexDOTru]&lt;br /&gt;
* Victor Zabavin (vicza) — [mailto:viczaATzmailDOTru viczaATzmailDOTru]&lt;br /&gt;
* Azamat H. Hackimov ([[User:Winterheart|Winterheart]]) — [mailto:azamatDOThackimovATgmailDOTcom azamatDOThackimovATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
* Alexey Khudiakov — [mailto:alexey.skladnoyATgmailDOTcom alexey.skladnoyATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
* Alexey Remizov — [mailto:alexeyATremizovDOTppDOTru alexeyATremizovDOTppDOTru]&lt;br /&gt;
* Ilya Kasnacheev (Ilyak) — [mailto:ilya.kasnacheevATgmailDOTcom ilya.kasnacheevATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
* Kotov Ilya ([[User:Maddiez|Maddiez]]) — [mailto:kotov_ilyaATmailDOTru kotov_ilyaATmailDOTru]&lt;br /&gt;
* O_o — [mailto:mm-94ATmailDOTru mm-94ATmailDOTru]&lt;br /&gt;
* Anthony Kolesov ([[User:Kaagle|Kaagle]]) — [mailto:anthony.kolesovATgmailDOTcom anthony.kolesovATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
* Sergey Popov (loonycyborg) — [mailto:loonycyborgATgmailDOTcom loonycyborgATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
* Alexandr Menovchicov (VaM) — [mailto:vamATkypiDOTru vamATkypiDOTru] (первый координатор)&lt;br /&gt;
* Denis Revin (Dut_Norshi) — [mailto:denis.revinATgmailDOTcom denis.revinATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
* Andrey Tikhonov (tiandrey)&lt;br /&gt;
* Dmitry Ashkadov (dmitryash) — [mailto:dmitry.ashkadovATgmailDOTcom dmitry.ashkadovATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
* marat — [mailto:maratelektronATramblerDOTru maratelektronATramblerDOTru], mat (mat@nat), iven, olga_flox — команда перевода «Секретов Древних»&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Замечание.''' Сочетаниями букв «AT» и «DOT» в адресах электронной почты заменены, соответственно, символы «собачки» и точки, чтобы затруднить сбор данных сетевым ботам.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Текущее состояние перевода (версия 1.19) ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[https://gettext.wesnoth.org/index.php?view=langs&amp;amp;version=master&amp;amp;lang=ru Статистика перевода версии 1.19]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Примечания'''.&lt;br /&gt;
# Если какой-то файл свободен, нуждается в правке/переводе, и Вы хотели бы над ним поработать, то, пожалуйста, заявите об этом при помощи канала #russian официального Дискорд-сервера Веснота или [https://forums.wesnoth.org/viewtopic.php?t=964&amp;amp;sid=1204344ea0934776ffb7233ee98268c0&amp;amp;start=675 ветки на форуме] — предпочтительно, первым способом — чтобы не получилось, что два человека работают над одним файлом. Для работы следует брать последнюю версию файла из [https://gettext.wesnoth.org/index.php?view=langs&amp;amp;version=master&amp;amp;lang=ru https://gettext.wesnoth.org/]. Аналогично, если Вы не хотите/не можете более поддерживать файл, сообщите об этом в чате/на форуме или хотя бы напишите сообщение координатору.&lt;br /&gt;
# Если Вы завершили какой-либо перевод основного содержания игры, следует отправить его на вычитку координатору перевода через каналы связи, упомянутые выше. Перевод дополнений обычно обговаривается непосредственно с автором дополнения или с предыдущими ответственными за него переводчиками.&lt;br /&gt;
# Если Вы — переводчик и Вы обнаружили непереводимый фрагмент или ошибку в исходном тексте, уведомите об этом самих разработчиков! Как правило, это можно сделать через Дискорд: #development — разработка основной игры, #modding — создание дополнений.&lt;br /&gt;
# '''Внимание!''' Любые попытки изменить перевод через запросы слияния (pull-requests) в официальном репозитории Веснота будут заблокированы!&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Таблица актуальна на лето 2026 года.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Гайд по цветовой кодировке таблицы:&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;background-color: #c0ffc0;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Зелёный&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; — перевод готов на 100%&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;background-color: #e0e0ff;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Синий&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; — перевод готов более чем на 90%, но требует правок&lt;br /&gt;
* &amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;background-color: #ffc0c0;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Красный&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; — готово меньше половины перевода&lt;br /&gt;
* Без заливки — готово больше половины перевода&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| border=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! Файл&lt;br /&gt;
! Содержание&lt;br /&gt;
! Примечания&lt;br /&gt;
! Поддерживает&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|colspan=4 align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|'''Основная ветка игры''' (mainline)&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;background-color: #e0e0ff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/master/po/wesnoth/ru.po wesnoth] || Интерфейс&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;background-color: #e0e0ff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/master/po/wesnoth-lib/ru.po wesnoth-lib] || Интерфейс&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;background-color: #c0ffc0;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/master/po/wesnoth-editor/ru.po wesnoth-editor] || Редактор&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;background-color: #e0e0ff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/master/po/wesnoth-help/ru.po wesnoth-help] || Помощь&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;background-color: #e0e0ff;&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/master/po/wesnoth-units/ru.po wesnoth-units] || Бойцы&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;background-color: #c0ffc0;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/master/po/wesnoth-multiplayer/ru.po wesnoth-multiplayer] || Сетевая&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;background-color: #c0ffc0;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/master/po/wesnoth-anl/ru.po wesnoth-anl] || Новая Земля&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;background-color: #e0e0ff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/master/po/wesnoth-tutorial/ru.po wesnoth-tutorial] || Обучение&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;background-color: #e0e0ff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/master/po/wesnoth-did/ru.po wesnoth-did] || Нисхождение во Тьму&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;background-color: #ffc0c0;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/master/po/wesnoth-dod/ru.po wesnoth-dod] || Закат Рассвета&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;background-color: #c0ffc0;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/master/po/wesnoth-dw/ru.po wesnoth-dw] || Мёртвые Воды&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;background-color: #ffc0c0;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/master/po/wesnoth-ei/ru.po wesnoth-ei] || Вторжение с Востока&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;background-color: #ffc0c0;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/master/po/wesnoth-h2tt/ru.po wesnoth-h2tt] || Наследник Престола (1.19)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;background-color: #e0e0ff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/master/po/wesnoth-httt/ru.po wesnoth-httt] || Наследник Престола (1.18)&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;background-color: #e0e0ff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/master/po/wesnoth-l/ru.po wesnoth-l] || Освобождение&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;background-color: #e0e0ff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/master/po/wesnoth-low/ru.po wesnoth-low] || Легенда Весмира&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;background-color: #e0e0ff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/master/po/wesnoth-nr/ru.po wesnoth-nr] || Северное Возрождение&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;background-color: #ffc0c0;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/master/po/wesnoth-pap/ru.po wesnoth-pap] || Жемчужин и Пиратов&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;background-color: #e0e0ff;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/master/po/wesnoth-sof/ru.po wesnoth-sof] || Огненный Скипетр&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;background-color: #c0ffc0;&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/master/po/wesnoth-sota/ru.po wesnoth-sota] || Секреты Древних&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;background-color: #e0e0ff;&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/master/po/wesnoth-sotbe/ru.po wesnoth-sotbe] || Сын Чёрного Глаза&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;background-color: #e0e0ff;&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/master/po/wesnoth-tb/ru.po wesnoth-tb] || Сказание о Двух Братьях&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;background-color: #ffc0c0;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/master/po/wesnoth-tdg/ru.po wesnoth-tdg] || Гамбит Лжеца&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/master/po/wesnoth-thot/ru.po wesnoth-thot] || Молот Турсагана&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;background-color: #e0e0ff;&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/master/po/wesnoth-trow/ru.po wesnoth-trow] || На Заре Веснота&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;background-color: #ffc0c0;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/master/po/wesnoth-tsg/ru.po wesnoth-tsg] || Южная Стража&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;background-color: #e0e0ff;&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/master/po/wesnoth-utbs/ru.po wesnoth-utbs] || Под Палящими Светилами&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;background-color: #e0e0ff;&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/master/po/wesnoth-wc/ru.po wesnoth-wc] || Завоевание Мира&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;background-color: #ffc0c0;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/master/po/wesnoth-wof/ru.po wesnoth-wof] || Ветры Рока&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;background-color: #e0e0ff;&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/master/po/wesnoth-manpages/ru.po wesnoth-manpages] || Страницы man&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;background-color: #c0ffc0;&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/master/po/wesnoth-manual/ru.po wesnoth-manual] || Руководство&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|- style=&amp;quot;background-color: #c0ffc0;&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/master/po/wesnoth-tools/ru.po wesnoth-tools] || Интерфейс&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|colspan=4 align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|'''Графические файлы''' (карты, скриншоты и др.) &amp;lt;!--[[ImageLocalization#List_of_Images_for_Localization|Список файлов]]--&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://github.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/tree/master/data/core/images/help help] || Помощь&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://github.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/tree/master/doc/manual/images manual] || Руководство&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://github.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/blob/master/data/core/images/maps/wesnoth.webp wesnoth.webp] || Главная карта&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://github.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/blob/master/data/core/images/maps/l10n/ru/wesnoth--overlay.webp готово]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://github.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/blob/master/data/campaigns/Descent_Into_Darkness/images/maps/did.webp did.webp] || Карта DID&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://github.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/blob/master/data/campaigns/Descent_Into_Darkness/images/maps/l10n/ru/did--overlay.webp готово]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://github.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/blob/master/data/campaigns/Dead_Water/images/maps/dw.webp dw.webp] || Карта DW&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://github.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/blob/master/data/campaigns/Dead_Water/images/maps/l10n/ru/dw--overlay.webp готово]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://github.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/blob/master/data/campaigns/Eastern_Invasion/images/maps/ei.webp ei.webp] || Карта EI&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://github.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/blob/master/data/campaigns/Eastern_Invasion/images/maps/l10n/ru/ei--overlay.webp готово]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://github.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/blob/master/data/campaigns/Liberty/images/maps/liberty.webp liberty.webp] || Карта L&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://github.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/blob/master/data/campaigns/Liberty/images/maps/l10n/ru/liberty--overlay.webp готово]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://github.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/blob/master/data/campaigns/Legend_of_Wesmere/images/maps/low.webp low.webp] || Карта LoW&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://github.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/blob/master/data/campaigns/Legend_of_Wesmere/images/maps/l10n/ru/low--overlay.webp готово]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://github.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/blob/master/data/campaigns/Son_Of_The_Black_Eye/images/maps/sotbe.webp sotbe.webp] || Карта SotBE&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://github.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/blob/master/data/campaigns/Son_Of_The_Black_Eye/images/maps/l10n/ru/sotbe--overlay.webp готово]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://github.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/blob/master/data/campaigns/The_Rise_Of_Wesnoth/images/story/trow-logo.webp trow-logo.webp] || Логотип TRoW&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://github.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/blob/master/data/campaigns/The_Rise_Of_Wesnoth/images/story/l10n/ru/trow-logo.webp готово]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|colspan=4 align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot;|'''Аддоны''' (не-mainline)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://raw.github.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/1.12/data/campaigns/An_Orcish_Incursion/images/an-orcish-incursion-map.png an-orcish-incursion-map.png] || Карта AOI&lt;br /&gt;
| [https://raw.github.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/1.12/data/campaigns/An_Orcish_Incursion/images/l10n/ru/an-orcish-incursion-map--overlay.png готово]&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Примечания'''&lt;br /&gt;
# Дата последнего изменения — это дата, когда файл был отправлен разработчикам. Обычно довольно быстро он появляется в GitHub (зачастую, в ближайшую субботу после отправки). В составе же игры он появится, естественно, лишь с выходом новой подверсии. Если Вы не хотите ждать, Вы всегда можете скачать последний .po файл c GitHub, скомпилировать из него .mo (например, с помощью редактора Poedit) и поместить его в папку \po\ru\LC_MESSAGES.&lt;br /&gt;
# Если какой-то файл свободен, нуждается в правке/переводе и Вы хотели бы над ним поработать, то, пожалуйста, добавьте своё имя таблицу, чтобы не получилось, что два человека работают над одним и тем же файлом. Для работы следует брать последнюю версию файла из GitHub. Аналогично, если Вы не хотите/не можете более поддерживать файл, уберите своё имя из таблицы, чтобы люди видели, что файл свободен.&lt;br /&gt;
# Если не знаете, с чего начать — беритесь за файлы, отмеченные синим. В большинстве случаев они требуют лишь мелких правок в оформлении и вам не придётся касаться сложной терминологии.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Типографика ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
''Подробнее см. [https://annas-archive.gl/md5/3ff1eeee9d71c57d9458cdc672bd0c16 Правила русской орфографии и пунктуации]''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Мы стараемся использовать символы типографики везде, где они необходимы. Это буква «ё», правые и левые двойные кавычки (ёлочки), длинное тире, а также [https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F#%D0%92%D1%8B%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%83%D0%BF%D0%BE%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5 знак ударения (акут)] .&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Вводить их можно либо установив [http://ilyabirman.ru/projects/typography-layout типографскую раскладку] либо вводя alt-код нужного символа (для этого включите NumLock и набирайте нижеуказанные alt-коды на цифровой клавиатуре):&lt;br /&gt;
* тире (—): Alt + 0151 (Linux: Ctrl + Shift + U2014);&lt;br /&gt;
* кавычки («»): Alt + 0171 и Alt + 0187 (Linux: Ctrl + Shift + U00AB и Ctrl + Shift + U00BB);&lt;br /&gt;
* ударение (◌́): Alt + 0714 (Linux: Ctrl + Shift + U0301)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Если у вас по какой-то причине не работают alt-коды, можете воспользоваться [https://wincompose.info/ Wincompose].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
А ещё мы пишем «Вы» с большой буквы — там, где обращаемся к одному пользователю. Множественное число пишется с маленькой буквы.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Как не надо переводить ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Признаки плохого перевода:&lt;br /&gt;
* примитивные кальки с английского: слова «имеет», «является»;&lt;br /&gt;
* порядок слов, как в английском предложении, но нехарактерный для русского;&lt;br /&gt;
* слова, более бледные, чем в оригинале;&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82 канцелярит].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Также не забывайте сверяться со словарями, указанными ниже (а ещё лучше — с файлами игры), если сомневаетесь в правильности перевода конкретных терминов, имён или названий.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Ресурсы ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== ПО для перевода ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://poedit.com/ Poedit] — программа, используемая большинством переводчиков Веснота для перевода .po файлов игры.&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://kate-editor.org/ Kate] — удобный текстовый редактор, поддерживающий подсветку синтаксиса MediaWiki и WML, отлично подходящий для перевода статей на вики.&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://omegat.org/ OmegaT] — бесплатная система автоматизированного перевода (CAT tool).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Литература ===&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://lib.rus.ec/b/74970 Нора Галь, «Слово живое и мёртвое»] - всем, кто что-либо переводит, читать обязательно. И тем, кто хоть что-то пишет по-русски.&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;text-align: right; direction: ltr; margin-left: 1em;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;font color=&amp;quot;gray&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[На мой взгляд какой-то субъективный прескриптивистский бред, но я от ''художественных'' переводов далёк, так что судите сами&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;— Alexinor]&amp;lt;/font&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{{RussianTranslation}}&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=WesnothTranslations&amp;diff=75453</id>
		<title>WesnothTranslations</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=WesnothTranslations&amp;diff=75453"/>
		<updated>2026-06-28T07:13:29Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: /* Translations */ Updated Russian translation maintainer&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;==  Translations  ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Wesnoth is currently being translated into the following languages. These languages are active and have a maintainer.&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Translation !! Maintainer !! Contact&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[AncientGreekTranslation|Ancient Greek]] || Mejri Ziad (Hermestrismi)|| [mailto:beja.comuneATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[ArabicTranslation|Arabic]] || Mejri Ziad (Hermestrismi)|| [mailto:beja.comuneATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[BengaliTranslation|Bengali]] || Subhraman Sarkar (LumiousE) || lumious_e on Discord&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[BulgarianTranslation|Bulgarian]] || Ivan Petrov (TheWhiteKnight) || [mailto:vankata_petrovATabvDOTbg]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[CatalanTranslation|Catalan]] || Arnau Vàzquez Palma || [mailto:arnauvpATmurenaDOTio]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[ChineseTranslation|Chinese]] || CloudiDust || [mailto:cloudidustATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[ChineseTaiwanTranslation|Chinese (Taiwan)]] || 楊綮銘 (Taiwan) || [mailto:steven2880ATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[CzechTranslation|Czech]] || Michal Žejdl || [mailto:lachimATemerDOTcz]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[DutchTranslation|Dutch]] || Merijn de Vet || [mailto:merijndevetAThotmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[EnglishGBTranslation|English (GB)]] || Wedge009 || [mailto:wedge009ATwedge009DOTnet]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[EnglishShawTranslation|English (Shaw)]] || Arc Riley || [mailto:ArcRileyATubuntuDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Esperanto_translation|Esperanto]] || Mariano Street (mctpyt) || [mailto:mctpytATprotonDOTme]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[FinnishTranslation|Finnish]] || Jaakko Saarikko (styxnix) || [mailto:jaakkoDOTsaarikkoATprotonmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[FrenchTranslation|French]] || demario || [mailto:wesnothfr-request@lists.tuxfamily.org?subject=subscribe mailing list]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[GermanTranslation|German]] || Aaron Winter (Bitron) || &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[HungarianTranslation|Hungarian]] || Berda Jenő (bigbilly) || [mailto:big4billyATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[IndonesianTranslation|Indonesian]] || Irsyad Musthafa || [mailto:sevennightmareATtutanotaDOTde]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[ItalianTranslation|Italian]] || Antonio Rosella || [mailto:arosellaATyahooDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[JapaneseTranslation|Japanese]] || Hironori Fujimoto (RatArmy) || [mailto:broadbarredfirefishATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[KoreanTranslation|Korean]] || mistzone || [mailto:drier22ATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[LatinTranslation|Latin]] || Daniel Faustmann || [mailto:donnerstag.freitag213@gmail.com]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[NorwegianTranslation|Norwegian]] || Bloodaxe || [mailto:bloodaxenor@protonmail.com]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[PolishTranslation|Polish]] || ForPeace || [https://forums.wesnoth.org/viewtopic.php?f=7&amp;amp;t=3796 forum thread]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[PortugueseTranslation|Portuguese Brazilian]] || Andrei Machado || [mailto:andreisp.machadoATyahooDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[PortugueseContinentalTranslation|Portuguese (European)]] || trewe || [mailto:sjrs456ATyahooDOTfr]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[RussianTranslation|Russian]] || [[User:Alexinor|Alexinor]] || [mailto:obolonkinATprotonDOTme]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[Scottish_Gaelic_Translation|Scottish Gaelic]] || GunChleoc || [mailto:fiosAIGforamnagaidhligDOTnet]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[SlovakTranslation#Preklad|Slovak]] || Stanislav Hoferek || [mailto:shoferek@gmail.com]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[SpanishTranslation|Spanish]] || Sebastián Lecchini (Sebas38760) || [mailto:sebas38760@gmail.com]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[SwedishTranslation|Swedish]] || Alex Alowersson (fluxbird) || [mailto:alexalowersonATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[TurkishTranslation|Turkish]] || Nilgün Belma Bugüner || [mailto:nilgunATbelgelerDOTorg]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[UkrainianTranslation|Ukrainian]] || Oleksii Okhrimenko (lexa04) || Discord: amakri Email: [mailto:ohrimaleATgmailDOTcom]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Currently inactive translations. If you wish to improve some of these languages (or one of the above maintainers is not responsive), contact Ivanovic on the [https://wiki.wesnoth.org/Support Wesnoth Discord channel].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Translation !! Maintainer !! Contact&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[AfrikaansTranslation|Afrikaans]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[BasqueTranslation|Basque]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[BurmeseTranslation|Burmese]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[CroatianTranslation|Croatian]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[DanishTranslation|Danish]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[GalicianTranslation|Galician]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[GreekTranslation|Greek]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[HebrewTranslation|Hebrew]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[IcelandicTranslation|Icelandic]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[IrishTranslation|Irish]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[LatvianTranslation|Latvian]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[LithuanianTranslation|Lithuanian]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[MarathiTranslation|Marathi]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[MacedonianTranslation|Macedonian]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[OldEnglishTranslation|Old English]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[RACVTranslation|RACV]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[RomanianTranslation|Romanian]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[SerbianTranslation|Serbian]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[SlovenianTranslation|Slovenian]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[SpanishLatinAmericanTranslation|Spanish (Latin American)]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[ValencianTranslation|Valencian]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| [[VietnameseTranslation|Vietnamese]] || None || N/A&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Mailing List ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
There now is a mailing list dedicated to translation matters. It is mainly intended to be used for informing translation maintainers about important changes, to announce string freezes and other special things. Everyone is free to subscribe to this list.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://groups.io/g/wesnoth-translations From February 2025]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://listengine.tuxfamily.org/wesnoth.org/i18n/ List info, how to subscribe, and archives from April 2022]&lt;br /&gt;
* [https://mailman.wesnoth.org/pipermail/i18n/ Old list archives (up until April 2022)]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Please keep in mind that this list is not meant for discussing changes for one single translation but instead subjects which are relevant to all translations.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==  See also  ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[WesnothTranslationsHowTo]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[ImageLocalization]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GetText]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://gettext.wesnoth.org Translations statistics (stable)]&lt;br /&gt;
* [http://gettext.wesnoth.org/index.php?version=trunk&amp;amp;package=alloff Translations statistics (development)]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[GettextForTranslators#For_add-ons|Translating User Made Campaigns and add-ons]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[SpellingMistakes]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[CharactersStorys| Character descriptions for Translators (Spoiler Warning)]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Poetry of Wesnoth Translations]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Translations|*]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Knalgan_Alliance&amp;diff=75452</id>
		<title>Knalgan Alliance</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Knalgan_Alliance&amp;diff=75452"/>
		<updated>2026-06-27T15:22:47Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: Added {{Translations}} template, updated unit tree link&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Faction |&lt;br /&gt;
faction = Knalgan Alliance |&lt;br /&gt;
image= &lt;br /&gt;
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/1.16/data/core/images/units/dwarves/lord-se-hammer.png |&lt;br /&gt;
era=[[Default Era]] |&lt;br /&gt;
race=[[Dwarves]], [[Humans]], Gryphons |&lt;br /&gt;
alignment=Neutral, Chaotic |&lt;br /&gt;
units=Dwarvish Guardsman, Dwarvish Fighter, Dwarvish Ulfserker, Dwarvish Thunderer, Thief, Poacher, Footpad, Gryphon Rider |&lt;br /&gt;
tactics=[[How to play Knalgans]] |&lt;br /&gt;
tree=[https://www.wesnoth.org/units/1.18/mainline/ru_RU/era_dunefolk.html#Knalgan%20Alliance 1.18]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Translations}}&lt;br /&gt;
The '''Knalgan Alliance''' is a faction of [[Dwarves]] and their outlaw [[Humans|Human]] allies. Dwarves are an old race who live underground and have tough, but short, warriors. The outlaws are humans who are not socially acceptable among others of their race, but have become allies of the dwarves due to common enemies. This leads to a combination of tough and defensive dwarves who are only good on certain terrain and humans who can cover ground that dwarves are not good at fighting in.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Races==&lt;br /&gt;
===Dwarves===&lt;br /&gt;
''Main article: [[Dwarves]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Dwarves are a race famed for their miners, blacksmiths, merchants and warriors. Considered as the third oldest race on the great continent after the elves and trolls, their early history is shrouded in mystery. Legends tell of a time long forgotten when their people began emerging from their underground world through caves. Nothing is known about their life prior to their arrival, or their reasons for entering the surface world, but they have been an integral part of the continent’s history since. Soon after their emergence from the underground, the dwarves entered into conflict with the original inhabitants of the land, the elves. The original reason for their dispute has been lost to history, but the two races have since fought three long wars, interrupted by a few decades of peace. During these wars the dwarves could not dislodge the elves from the deep forests in the south, but managed to consolidate their position in hills and the mountains in the north of the continent, known now as the Northlands. Since then they have constructed fantastic fortifications and settlements deep within the mountains and crags of their territory.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Humans===&lt;br /&gt;
''Main article: [[Humans]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The race of men is an extremely diverse one. Although they originally came from the Old Continent, men have spread all over the world and split into many different cultures and races. Although they are not imbued with magic like other creatures, humans can learn to wield it and able to learn more types than most others. They have no extra special abilities or aptitudes except their versatility and drive. Although often at odds with all races, they can occasionally form alliances with the less aggressive races such as [[elves]] and dwarves. The less scrupulous among them do not shrink back from hiring [[Orcs|orcish]] mercenaries, either. They have no natural enemies, although the majority of men, like most people of all races, have an instinctive dislike of the [[Undead (race)|undead]]. Men are shorter than the elves, but taller still than dwarves. Their skin color can vary, from almost white to dark brown.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Gryphons===&lt;br /&gt;
These majestic and powerful creatures are masters of the sky. Gryphons are both dangerous and wary of other intelligent creatures, but some are able to bond with the mighty Gryphons. Those who do may become Gryphon Riders, and discover the world of the skies upon the backs of these flying beasts.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Tactics==&lt;br /&gt;
''Main article: [[How to play Knalgans]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The Knalgans have the greatest flexibility of any faction. Because of this, there is no one way to play the Knalgans. This can be a good thing or a bad thing, depending on the personality of the person commanding the Knalgans. They can use Dwarves for power and defense and outlaws for movement and low prices. Keep in mind that that the Dwarves should stay in mountains, hills, and other high-defense terrain and the Outlaws should stay in any non-grassland terrain.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Factionbox}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Factions]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Knalgan_Alliance/ru&amp;diff=75451</id>
		<title>Knalgan Alliance/ru</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Knalgan_Alliance/ru&amp;diff=75451"/>
		<updated>2026-06-27T15:22:00Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: Created page with &amp;quot;{{Faction/ru | faction = Альянс Кналга | image= https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/1.16/data/core/images/units/dwarves/lord-se-hammer.png | era=De...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Faction/ru |&lt;br /&gt;
faction = Альянс Кналга |&lt;br /&gt;
image=&lt;br /&gt;
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/1.16/data/core/images/units/dwarves/lord-se-hammer.png |&lt;br /&gt;
era=[[Default Era/ru|Эра по умолчанию]] |&lt;br /&gt;
race=[[Dwarves/ru|Гномы]], [[Humans/ru|Люди]], Грифоны |&lt;br /&gt;
alignment=Нейтральные, Хаотичные |&lt;br /&gt;
units=Щитоносец, Ратник, Ульфсерк, Громобой, Вор, Браконьер, Беглец, Наездник грифона |&lt;br /&gt;
tactics=[[How to play Knalgans/ru|Как играть Альянсом Кналга]] |&lt;br /&gt;
tree=[https://www.wesnoth.org/units/1.18/mainline/ru_RU/era_dunefolk.html#Альянс%20Кналга 1.18]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Translations}}&lt;br /&gt;
'''Альянс Кналга''' — это фракция [[Dwarves/ru|гномов]] и их союзников — людей-изгнанников. Гномы — древняя раса, живущая под землёй, с выносливыми, но невысокими воинами. Изгнанники — это люди, которые не пользуются уважением в обществе своей расы, но стали союзниками гномов из-за общих врагов. Это приводит к сочетанию выносливых и оборонительных гномов, которые хороши только на определённой местности, и людей, которые могут преодолевать препятствия, на которых гномы не сильны в бою.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Расы ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Гномы ===&lt;br /&gt;
''Основная статья: [[Dwarves/ru|Гномы]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Гномы — раса, известная своими шахтёрами, кузнецами, торговцами и воинами. Считающиеся третьей по древности расой на великом континенте после эльфов и троллей, их ранняя история окутана тайной. Легенды рассказывают о давно забытых временах, когда их народы начали выходить из подземного мира через пещеры. Ничего не известно об их жизни до их прибытия или о причинах их выхода на поверхность, но с тех пор они стали неотъемлемой частью истории континента. Вскоре после выхода из под земли гномы вступили в конфликт с коренными жителями Великого Континента, эльфами. Первоначальная причина их спора затеряна в истории, но с тех пор две расы пережили три долгие войны, прерванные несколькими десятилетиями мира. Во время этих войн гномы не смогли вытеснить эльфов из густых лесов на юге, но сумели укрепить свои позиции на холмах и горах на севере континента, известных сейчас как Северные Земли. С тех пор они построили удивительные укрепления и поселения глубоко в горах и скалах своей территории.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Люди ===&lt;br /&gt;
''Основная статья: [[Humans/ru|Люди]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Раса людей чрезвычайно разнообразна. Хотя изначально люди пришли со Старого континента, они распространились по всему миру и разделились на множество разных культур и рас. Хотя они не наделены магией, как другие существа, '''люди''' могут научиться владеть ею и способны изучить больше типов, чем многие друге. У них нет никаких особых способностей или наклонностей, кроме универсальности и целеустремленности. Хотя они часто находятся в междоусобицах со всеми расами, они время от времени образовывают союзы с менее агрессивными расами, такими как [[elves/ru|эльфы]] и [[dwarves/ru|гномы]]. Менее щепетильные из них также не гнушаются нанимать [[orcs/ru|орков]]-наёмников. У них нет естественных врагов, хотя большинство людей, как и большая часть всех других рас, испытывают инстинктивную неприязнь к [[undead (race)/ru|нежити]]. Люди ниже эльфов, но выше гномов. Цвет их кожи может варьироваться от почти белого до тёмно-коричневого.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Грифоны ===&lt;br /&gt;
Эти величественные и могучие существа — повелители неба. Грифоны опасны и настороженно относятся к другим разумным существам, но некоторым удаётся наладить особую связь с могучими грифонами. Те, кому это удаётся, могут стать наездниками на грифонах и открыть для себя мир небес, оседлав этих летающих зверей.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Тактика ==&lt;br /&gt;
''Основная статья: [[How to play Knalgans/ru|Как играть Альянсом Кналга]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Альянс Кналга обладает наибольшей гибкостью среди всех фракций. По этой причине нет единого способа играть за них. Это может быть как плюсом, так и минусом, в зависимости от вашего стиля игры. Он может использовать гномов для силы и обороны, а изгнанников — для передвижения и низкой стоимости. Следует помнить, что гномы должны оставаться в горах, холмах и другой местности с высокой обороной, а изгнанники — на любой местности, кроме лугов.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Factionbox/ru}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Factions]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Undead&amp;diff=75444</id>
		<title>Undead</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Undead&amp;diff=75444"/>
		<updated>2026-06-26T11:09:53Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: Added {{Translations}} template, updated unit tree link&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Faction |&lt;br /&gt;
faction = Undead |&lt;br /&gt;
image= &lt;br /&gt;
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/1.16/data/core/images/units/undead-necromancers/lich-magic-3.png |&lt;br /&gt;
era=[[Default Era]] |&lt;br /&gt;
race=[[Undead (race)|Undead]], [[Humans]], Bats |&lt;br /&gt;
alignment=Chaotic |&lt;br /&gt;
units=Dark Adept, Ghost, Ghoul, Skeleton, Skeleton Archer, Walking Corpse, Vampire Bat |&lt;br /&gt;
tactics=[[How to play Undead]] |&lt;br /&gt;
tree=[https://www.wesnoth.org/units/1.18/mainline/en_US/era_dunefolk.html#Undead 1.18]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Translations}}&lt;br /&gt;
The '''Undead''' are a faction of undead creatures and human practitioners of dark arts that usually accompany them. Often, these &amp;quot;Dark Adepts&amp;quot; are the units that do the most damage for the faction, but they have a major vulnerability - their practicing of this forbidden, evil magic has consumed all their energy and so they have no melee attack at all. The Undead are a very aggressive faction and the most powerful [[Default Era]] faction at nighttime.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Races==&lt;br /&gt;
===Undead===&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;thumb tright&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[https://www.wesnoth.org/images/sshots/wesnoth-1.3.13-2.jpg https://www.wesnoth.org/images/sshots/wesnoth-1.3.13-2-175.jpg]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;thumbcaption&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A group of Undead fighting some&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Rebels]] at Cynsaun Battlefield.&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
''Main article: [[Undead (race)]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Undead are not really a single race of creatures, although often treated as such. Almost any dead creature can, by a sufficiently skilled necromancer, be reanimated and rise again in undeath. Undead are for the most part unnatural but mindless constructs, obeying whoever created them without question nor thought. A greater mystery of necromancy is in how constructs are sustained without continuous effort from the necromancer. An undead creature does not require the constant attention of the necromancer to command and sustain, but can work autonomously according to the commands of it's master. Only rarely, perhaps once every few months, does the necromancer need to maintain his creation.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Humans===&lt;br /&gt;
''Main article: [[Humans]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The race of men is an extremely diverse one. Although they originally came from the Old Continent, men have spread all over the world and split into many different cultures and races. Although they are not imbued with magic like other creatures, '''humans''' can learn to wield it and able to learn more types than most others. They have no extra special abilities or aptitudes except their versatility and drive. Although often at odds with all races, they can occasionally form alliances with the less aggressive races such as [[elves]] and [[dwarves]]. The less scrupulous among them do not shrink back from hiring [[Orcs|orcish]] mercenaries, either. They have no natural enemies, although the majority of men, like most people of all races, have an instinctive dislike of the undead. Men are shorter than the elves, but taller still than dwarves. Their skin color can vary, from almost white to dark brown.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;thumb tright&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/1.14/data/core/images/units/undead/dreadbat-se-3.png&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;thumbcaption&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A Dread Bat.&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
===Bats===&lt;br /&gt;
Bats are flying beasts that feed on the blood of other creatures. While their fangs are not very powerful, the health of victims is drained away along with their blood, and given to the Bats. During battle, this unit can drain life from victims to renew its own health. Bats also have high movement over every terrain, making them a useful scout.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Tactics==&lt;br /&gt;
''Main article: [[How to play Undead]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
An effective style of playing Undead is using the massive damage dealing Dark Adepts en masse. The most dreadful attacker of the Undead is also the most pitiful defender, being the only unit in Default to have no melee weapon. Because of this, an effective Undead commander needs a good mix of Skeletons, Adepts, and support units. The biggest aspect of Undead is almost overextending the army at night. Even Northerners can't keep up with the high damage except with having more units. Undead should usually make their first attacks with Adepts so that they can protect them with advancing forces that take the place of the units they defeat. Skeletons tend to do this best, as they are your heaviest melee hitter, and at night there isn't a single level 1 unit that can take them out in one attack. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Factionbox}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Factions]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Undead/ru&amp;diff=75443</id>
		<title>Undead/ru</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Undead/ru&amp;diff=75443"/>
		<updated>2026-06-26T11:08:30Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: Created page with &amp;quot;{{Faction/ru | faction = Нежить | image= https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/1.16/data/core/images/units/undead-necromancers/lich-magic-3.png | era=Defau...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Faction/ru |&lt;br /&gt;
faction = Нежить |&lt;br /&gt;
image=&lt;br /&gt;
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/1.16/data/core/images/units/undead-necromancers/lich-magic-3.png |&lt;br /&gt;
era=[[Default Era/ru|Эра по умолчанию]] |&lt;br /&gt;
race=[[Undead (race)/ru|Нежить]], [[Humans/ru|Люди]], Летучие мыши |&lt;br /&gt;
alignment=Хаотичные |&lt;br /&gt;
units=Тёмный адепт, Призрак, Упырь, Скелет, Скелет-лучник, Ходячий труп, Мышь-вампир |&lt;br /&gt;
tactics=[[How to play Undead/ru|Как играть Нежитью]] |&lt;br /&gt;
tree=[https://www.wesnoth.org/units/1.18/mainline/ru_RU/era_dunefolk.html#Нежить 1.18]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Translations}}&lt;br /&gt;
'''Нежить''' — это фракция существ-умертвий и людей, практикующих тёмную магию, которые обычно их сопровождают. Часто именно эти «Тёмные Адепты» наносят наибольший урон фракции, но у них есть серьёзная уязвимость — практика этой запретной, злой магии истощает всю их энергию, и поэтому у них нет никакой рукопашной атаки. Нежить — фракция очень агрессивная и самая могущественная среди фракций [[Default Era/ru|Эры по умолчанию]] в ночное время.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Расы ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Нежить ===&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;thumb tright&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[https://www.wesnoth.org/images/sshots/wesnoth-1.3.13-2.jpg https://www.wesnoth.org/images/sshots/wesnoth-1.3.13-2-175.jpg]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;thumbcaption&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Группа нежити, сражающаяся с&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[[Rebels/ru|Мятежниками]] на поле битвы Цинзаун.&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
''Основная статья: [[Undead (race)/ru|Нежить]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Нежить, по сути, не является отдельной расой существ, хотя к ней часто относятся как к таковой. Практически любое мёртвое существо может быть реанимировано достаточно опытным некромантом и снова воскрешено в качестве нежити. Нежить — это по большей части неестественные, но бездумные конструкции, подчиняющиеся тому, кто их создал, без вопросов и мыслей. Самая большая загадка некромантии заключается в том, как конструкции поддерживаются без постоянных усилий со стороны некроманта. Существо-нежить не требует постоянного внимания некроманта для управления и поддержки, но может работать автономно согласно командам своего хозяина. Лишь изредка, возможно, раз в несколько месяцев, некроманту приходится поддерживать свое творение.&lt;br /&gt;
=== Люди ===&lt;br /&gt;
''Основная статья: [[Humans/ru|Люди]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Раса людей чрезвычайно разнообразна. Хотя изначально люди пришли со Старого континента, они распространились по всему миру и разделились на множество разных культур и рас. Хотя они не наделены магией, как другие существа, люди могут научиться владеть ею и способны изучить больше типов, чем многие друге. У них нет никаких особых способностей или наклонностей, кроме универсальности и целеустремленности. Хотя они часто находятся в междоусобицах со всеми расами, они время от времени образовывают союзы с менее агрессивными расами, такими как [[elves/ru|эльфы]] и [[dwarves/ru|гномы]]. Менее щепетильные из них также не гнушаются нанимать [[orcs/ru|орков]]-наёмников. У них нет естественных врагов, хотя большинство людей, как и большая часть всех других рас, испытывают инстинктивную неприязнь к [[undead (race)/ru|нежити]]. Люди ниже эльфов, но выше гномов. Цвет их кожи может варьироваться от почти белого до тёмно-коричневого.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;thumb tright&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/1.14/data/core/images/units/undead/dreadbat-se-3.png&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;thumbcaption&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Крыло ужаса&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
=== Летучие мыши ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Летучие мыши — это летающие существа, питающиеся кровью других созданий. Хотя их клыки не слишком крепки, они высасывают здоровье жертв вместе с их кровью, которое они переносят себе. Во время боя эти бойцы могут высасывать жизненную силу из жертв, чтобы восстановить собственное здоровье. Летучие мыши также обладают высокой подвижностью на любой местности, что делает их полезными разведчиками.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Тактика ==&lt;br /&gt;
''Основная статья: [[How to play Undead/ru|Как играть Нежитью]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Эффективный стиль игры за нежить — это массовое использование наносящих огромный урон Тёмных Адептов. Самый опасный атакующий из нежити — это также самый жалкий защитник, поскольку это единственный боец в Эре по умолчанию, не имеющий оружия ближнего боя. Из-за этого эффективному командиру нежити необходим хороший баланс скелетов, адептов и вспомогательных бойцов. Самый большой аспект игры за нежить — это почти чрезмерное расширение армии ночью. Даже северяне не могут справиться с высоким уроном, если у них нет бо́льшего количества бойцов. Нежить обычно должна начинать свои атаки с Адептов, чтобы их можно было защитить наступающими силами, которые займут место уничтоженных бойцов. Скелеты лучше всего справляются с этой задачей, поскольку они являются вашими самыми сильными бойцами ближнего боя, и ночью ни один боец 1-го уровня не может уничтожить их одним ударом.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Factionbox/ru}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Factions]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Northerners&amp;diff=75442</id>
		<title>Northerners</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Northerners&amp;diff=75442"/>
		<updated>2026-06-26T06:45:15Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: Added {{Translations}} template, updated unit tree link&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Faction |&lt;br /&gt;
faction = Northerners |&lt;br /&gt;
image= &lt;br /&gt;
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/master/data/core/images/units/orcs/warrior.png |&lt;br /&gt;
era=[[Default Era]] |&lt;br /&gt;
race=[[Orcs]], Goblins, [[Trolls]], Nagas |&lt;br /&gt;
alignment=Chaotic, Neutral |&lt;br /&gt;
units=Goblin Spearman, Naga Fighter, Orcish Archer, Orcish Assassin, Orcish Grunt, Troll Whelp, Wolf Rider |&lt;br /&gt;
tactics=[[How to play Northerners]] |&lt;br /&gt;
tree=[https://www.wesnoth.org/units/1.18/mainline/en_US/era_dunefolk.html#Northerners 1.18]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Translations}}&lt;br /&gt;
The '''Northerners''' are a faction of [[Orcs]] and their allies who live in the north of the Great Continent, thus their name. Northerners consist of the warrior orcs race, the enslaved goblins, trolls who are tricked into combat by the orcs, and the serpentine naga. The Northerners play best by taking advantage of having many low-cost and high HP soldiers.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Races==&lt;br /&gt;
===Orcs===&lt;br /&gt;
''Main article: [[Orcs]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In appearance, orcs are half men and half beasts. They are taller, sturdier and stronger than humans.  They are warlike, savage, and cruel by nature. Their blood is darker and thicker than that of normal humans and they have little care for personal hygiene or their personal appearance. Although Orcs are violent even among themselves creatures, they are pack-oriented; an orc never travels long or lives alone in groups smaller than half a dozen.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Goblins===&lt;br /&gt;
Goblins are, despite their appearance, members of the exact same race as orcs, and are born as siblings to the orcs. Unlike similar races, who usually bear children singly or in pairs, orcs will have large litters of children all at once; which is a large part of why their populations can explode so quickly. Within any litter, there will only be one or two true orcs, who will grow to the full size and strength of their race. A few more will be half-orcs, notably weaker than their big brothers, and relegated to supporting roles in combat, such as archery. The rest, often a full half of more of any litter, will be goblins. Goblins are puny, and quite frail; similar in size and stature to a human child, even at the apex of their growth. They have a rather tragic fate; a lifetime of near-slavery to their larger kin, and use as sword-fodder in battle. In spite of this, they thrive; in part because they are so very numerous, and also because their brother orcs are well aware how dependent they are on the goblins.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Goblins accomplish the bulk of manual labor needed by the orcs, with the sole exception of jobs which require the brute strength of true orcs, which the orcs revel in doing as proof of their prowess. &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Trolls===&lt;br /&gt;
''Main article: [[Trolls]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Trolls are ancient creatures, one of the oldest known races known to inhabit the Great Continent. They are large, slow, simple-minded, and live extremely long lives inside deep caves or atop high mountains. The most unique characteristic of trolls is an internal vitality that sustains and heals them from within. As a result they live very different lives from almost any known creature. Trolls have few real needs: they require little food or water, and thus they have little incentive to pursue much besides protection from those who are hostile towards them. This in turn means they rarely have to worry about anything and can spend much of their time sleeping or in contemplation. Trolls have a curious affinity with nature. They do not relate with living things like elves do, but instead with earth and stone. They are also somewhat curious of their surroundings and many younger whelps even enjoy traveling and seeing the world. As trolls grow older they tend to become increasingly passive, gradually losing interest in their environment and spending more of their time sleeping in a quiet, familiar corner of their home cave. This is until they finally pass away as their bodies themselves slowly turn into lifeless statues of stone.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Nagas===&lt;br /&gt;
Nagas are the long time enemies of the Merfolk, and in Asheviere's time they allied with orcs to finally defeat their opponents. They usually join forces with anyone willing to help them defeat the mermen.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Tactics==&lt;br /&gt;
''Main article: [[How to play Northerners]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In general, Northerners will win by mass. Northerners are the cheapest faction and need to utilize that advantage. Poison is a crucial strategic element as level 1 Orc Assassins have ranged poison.  Human level 3 Assassins are the only enemy units that also have ranged poison; they're expensive, and not likely to be encountered in quantity.  Grunts and Whelps are the meat of the army, but one must make sure to recruit Grunts to hold villages, as Whelps do a poor job of this with 40% defense.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Factionbox}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Factions]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Template:Factionbox/ru&amp;diff=75441</id>
		<title>Template:Factionbox/ru</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Template:Factionbox/ru&amp;diff=75441"/>
		<updated>2026-06-26T06:43:45Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{| class=&amp;quot;toccolours&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;background:#F8EAD1; margin: 0.5em auto; text-align: center&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
! style=&amp;quot;background:#F2DEB6; border:1px #E4BC7B solid; width:90%&amp;quot; |[[Factions/ru|Фракции]] [[Default Era/ru|Эры по Умолчанию]]&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|colspan=1 |&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;[[Introduction_To_Factions/ru|Описание]]:&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
[[Loyalists/ru|Лоялисты]] •&lt;br /&gt;
[[Rebels/ru|Мятежники]] •&lt;br /&gt;
[[Northerners/ru|Северяне]] • &lt;br /&gt;
[[Undead/ru|Нежить]] •&lt;br /&gt;
[[Knalgan Alliance/ru|Альянс Кналга]] •&lt;br /&gt;
[[Drakes/ru|Дрейки]] •&lt;br /&gt;
[[Dunefolk/ru|Народ пустыни]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;b&amp;gt;[[How to play.../ru|Как играть]]:&amp;lt;/b&amp;gt; &lt;br /&gt;
[[How to play Loyalists/ru|Лоялистами]] •&lt;br /&gt;
[[How to play Rebels/ru|Мятежниками]] •&lt;br /&gt;
[[How to play Northerners/ru|Северянами]] • &lt;br /&gt;
[[How to play Undead/ru|Нежитью]] •&lt;br /&gt;
[[How to play Knalgans/ru|Альянсом Кналга]] •&lt;br /&gt;
[[How to play Drakes/ru|Дрейками]] •&lt;br /&gt;
[[How to play Dunefolk/ru|Народом пустыни]]&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;{{template}}&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Northerners/ru&amp;diff=75440</id>
		<title>Northerners/ru</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Northerners/ru&amp;diff=75440"/>
		<updated>2026-06-26T06:40:34Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Faction/ru |&lt;br /&gt;
faction = Северяне |&lt;br /&gt;
image=&lt;br /&gt;
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/master/data/core/images/units/orcs/warrior.png |&lt;br /&gt;
era=[[Default Era/ru|Эра по умолчанию]] |&lt;br /&gt;
race=[[Orcs/ru|Орки]], Гоблины, [[Trolls/ru|Тролли]], Наги |&lt;br /&gt;
alignment=Хаотичные, Нейтральные |&lt;br /&gt;
units=Копейщик, Северный наг, Лучник, Ассасин, Пехотинец, Троллёнок, Волчий наездник |&lt;br /&gt;
tactics=[[How to play Northerners/ru|Как играть Северянами]] |&lt;br /&gt;
tree=[https://www.wesnoth.org/units/1.18/mainline/ru_RU/era_dunefolk.html#Северяне 1.18]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Translations}}&lt;br /&gt;
'''Северяне''' — это фракция [[Orcs/ru|орков]] и их союзников, проживающих на севере Великого континента, отсюда и их название. Северяне состоят из расы орков-воинов, порабощённых гоблинов, троллей, которых орки обманом заставляют сражаться, и змееподобных наг. Лучше всего северяне играются используя их главное преимущество в виде большого количества недорогих солдат с высоким здоровьем.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Расы ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Орки ===&lt;br /&gt;
''Основная статья: [[Orcs/ru|Орки]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Своей внешностью орки напоминают наполовину людей, наполовину зверей. Они выше, крепче и сильнее людей. По своей природе они воинственны, дики и беспощадны. Их кровь темнее и гуще чем у людей и они не заботятся о своей чистоте и внешности. Хотя орки и жестоки даже друг с другом, они стайны по своей природе, и никогда не путешествуют и не живут по одиночке или в группах меньше чем в полдесятка.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Гоблины ===&lt;br /&gt;
Гоблины, несмотря на свой внешний вид, принадлежат к той же расе, что и орки, и рождаются как братья и сёстры орков. В отличие от подобных рас, которые обычно рожают детей поодиночке или парами, у орков большие помёты детей; и это во многом объясняет, почему их популяция может резко вырасти. В каждом помёте рождается только один или два настоящих орка, которые вырастут до полного размера и силы своей расы. Ещё несколько рождаются полуорками, заметно более слабыми, чем их старшие братья, и им будут отведены вспомогательные роли в бою, например, стрельба из лука. Остальные, часто больше половины помёта, рождаются гоблинами. Гоблины тщедушны и довольно хрупки; размером и ростом похожи на человеческого ребенка, даже на пике своего роста. У них довольно трагичная судьба: всю жизнь они проводят в рабстве у своих более крупных родственников и используются в качестве пушечного мяса в бою. Несмотря на это, они процветают; отчасти потому, что их очень много, а также потому, что их братья-орки прекрасно осознают, насколько они зависят от гоблинов.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Гоблины выполняют бо́льшую часть ручного труда, необходимого оркам, за единственным исключением работ, требующих грубой силы настоящих орков, которую орки с удовольствием выполняют как доказательство своей доблести.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Тролли ===&lt;br /&gt;
''Основная статья: [[Trolls/ru|Тролли]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Тролли — древние существа, одна из старейших известных рас, населяющих Великий Континент. Они крупные, медлительные, простодушные, и живут очень долго в глубоких пещерах или на вершинах высоких гор. Самой уникальной характеристикой троллей является внутренняя жизненная сила, которая поддерживает и исцеляет их изнутри. В результате они живут совсем иначе, чем практически любое известное существо. У троллей мало реальных потребностей: им нужно мало еды и воды, и поэтому у них мало стимулов преследовать что-либо, кроме защиты от тех, кто враждебно настроен по отношению к ним. Это, в свою очередь, означает, что им редко приходится о чём-либо беспокоиться, и они могут проводить бо́льшую часть времени во сне или в созерцании. Тролли имеют любопытную близость к природе. Они общаются не с живыми существами, как эльфы, а с землей и камнями. Им также несколько любопытно, что их окружает, и многие молодые троллята даже любят путешествовать и осматривать мир. По мере взросления тролли становятся все более пассивными, постепенно теряют интерес к окружающей среде и проводят больше времени во сне в тихом, знакомом уголке своей родной пещеры. Так происходит до тех пор, пока они, наконец, не умирают, поскольку их тела сами медленно превращаются в безжизненные каменные статуи.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Наги ===&lt;br /&gt;
Наги — давние враги водяных, и во времена Ашевир они заключили альянс с орками, чтобы наконец победить своих оппонентов. Обычно они объединяются с кем угодно, кто готов помочь им в борьбе с водяными.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Тактика ==&lt;br /&gt;
''Основная статья: [[How to play Northerners/ru|Как играть Северянами]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Чаще всего, северяне побеждают массой. Северяне — самая дешёвая фракция, и им необходимо использовать это преимущество. Яд — важнейший стратегический элемент, поскольку ассасины 1-го уровня атакуют ядом на расстоянии. Единственные вражеские юниты, обладающие ядом в дальнем бою, — это убийцы 3-го уровня у Альянса Кналга; они дороги и труднодоступны в большом количестве. Пехотинцы и троллята составляют основу армии, но не следует нанимать пехотинцев и для удержания деревень, поскольку троллята плохо справляются с этой задачей из-за 40% защиты.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Factionbox/ru}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Factions]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Northerners/ru&amp;diff=75439</id>
		<title>Northerners/ru</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Northerners/ru&amp;diff=75439"/>
		<updated>2026-06-26T06:39:34Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: Created page with &amp;quot;{{Faction/ru | faction = Northerners | image= https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/master/data/core/images/units/orcs/warrior.png | era=Default Era/ru|Эра п...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Faction/ru |&lt;br /&gt;
faction = Northerners |&lt;br /&gt;
image=&lt;br /&gt;
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/master/data/core/images/units/orcs/warrior.png |&lt;br /&gt;
era=[[Default Era/ru|Эра по умолчанию]] |&lt;br /&gt;
race=[[Orcs/ru|Орки]], Гоблины, [[Trolls/ru|Тролли]], Наги |&lt;br /&gt;
alignment=Хаотичные, Нейтральные |&lt;br /&gt;
units=Копейщик, Северный наг, Лучник, Ассасин, Пехотинец, Троллёнок, Волчий наездник |&lt;br /&gt;
tactics=[[How to play Northerners/ru|Как играть Северянами]] |&lt;br /&gt;
tree=[https://www.wesnoth.org/units/1.18/mainline/ru_RU/era_dunefolk.html#Северяне 1.18]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
'''Северяне''' — это фракция [[Orcs/ru|орков]] и их союзников, проживающих на севере Великого континента, отсюда и их название. Северяне состоят из расы орков-воинов, порабощённых гоблинов, троллей, которых орки обманом заставляют сражаться, и змееподобных наг. Лучше всего северяне играются используя их главное преимущество в виде большого количества недорогих солдат с высоким здоровьем.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Расы ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Орки ===&lt;br /&gt;
''Основная статья: [[Orcs/ru|Орки]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Своей внешностью орки напоминают наполовину людей, наполовину зверей. Они выше, крепче и сильнее людей. По своей природе они воинственны, дики и беспощадны. Их кровь темнее и гуще чем у людей и они не заботятся о своей чистоте и внешности. Хотя орки и жестоки даже друг с другом, они стайны по своей природе, и никогда не путешествуют и не живут по одиночке или в группах меньше чем в полдесятка.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Гоблины ===&lt;br /&gt;
Гоблины, несмотря на свой внешний вид, принадлежат к той же расе, что и орки, и рождаются как братья и сёстры орков. В отличие от подобных рас, которые обычно рожают детей поодиночке или парами, у орков большие помёты детей; и это во многом объясняет, почему их популяция может резко вырасти. В каждом помёте рождается только один или два настоящих орка, которые вырастут до полного размера и силы своей расы. Ещё несколько рождаются полуорками, заметно более слабыми, чем их старшие братья, и им будут отведены вспомогательные роли в бою, например, стрельба из лука. Остальные, часто больше половины помёта, рождаются гоблинами. Гоблины тщедушны и довольно хрупки; размером и ростом похожи на человеческого ребенка, даже на пике своего роста. У них довольно трагичная судьба: всю жизнь они проводят в рабстве у своих более крупных родственников и используются в качестве пушечного мяса в бою. Несмотря на это, они процветают; отчасти потому, что их очень много, а также потому, что их братья-орки прекрасно осознают, насколько они зависят от гоблинов.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Гоблины выполняют бо́льшую часть ручного труда, необходимого оркам, за единственным исключением работ, требующих грубой силы настоящих орков, которую орки с удовольствием выполняют как доказательство своей доблести.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Тролли ===&lt;br /&gt;
''Основная статья: [[Trolls/ru|Тролли]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Тролли — древние существа, одна из старейших известных рас, населяющих Великий Континент. Они крупные, медлительные, простодушные, и живут очень долго в глубоких пещерах или на вершинах высоких гор. Самой уникальной характеристикой троллей является внутренняя жизненная сила, которая поддерживает и исцеляет их изнутри. В результате они живут совсем иначе, чем практически любое известное существо. У троллей мало реальных потребностей: им нужно мало еды и воды, и поэтому у них мало стимулов преследовать что-либо, кроме защиты от тех, кто враждебно настроен по отношению к ним. Это, в свою очередь, означает, что им редко приходится о чём-либо беспокоиться, и они могут проводить бо́льшую часть времени во сне или в созерцании. Тролли имеют любопытную близость к природе. Они общаются не с живыми существами, как эльфы, а с землей и камнями. Им также несколько любопытно, что их окружает, и многие молодые троллята даже любят путешествовать и осматривать мир. По мере взросления тролли становятся все более пассивными, постепенно теряют интерес к окружающей среде и проводят больше времени во сне в тихом, знакомом уголке своей родной пещеры. Так происходит до тех пор, пока они, наконец, не умирают, поскольку их тела сами медленно превращаются в безжизненные каменные статуи.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Наги ===&lt;br /&gt;
Наги — давние враги водяных, и во времена Ашевир они заключили альянс с орками, чтобы наконец победить своих оппонентов. Обычно они объединяются с кем угодно, кто готов помочь им в борьбе с водяными.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Тактика ==&lt;br /&gt;
''Основная статья: [[How to play Northerners/ru|Как играть Северянами]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Чаще всего, северяне побеждают массой. Северяне — самая дешёвая фракция, и им необходимо использовать это преимущество. Яд — важнейший стратегический элемент, поскольку ассасины 1-го уровня атакуют ядом на расстоянии. Единственные вражеские юниты, обладающие ядом в дальнем бою, — это убийцы 3-го уровня у Альянса Кналга; они дороги и труднодоступны в большом количестве. Пехотинцы и троллята составляют основу армии, но не следует нанимать пехотинцев и для удержания деревень, поскольку троллята плохо справляются с этой задачей из-за 40% защиты.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Factionbox/ru}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Factions]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Languages_of_Wesnoth&amp;diff=75437</id>
		<title>Languages of Wesnoth</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Languages_of_Wesnoth&amp;diff=75437"/>
		<updated>2026-06-25T17:06:05Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: Fixed spelling&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Translations}}&lt;br /&gt;
The world of Wesnoth is as rich in languages as it is in all sorts of creatures and races that inhabit it. Although fieldwork in distant lands is never easy, many mages from the Great Academy on Alduin as well as other scholars from Weldyn and Elensefar have managed to assemble impressive archives full of manuscripts on the various languages ​​of Irdya. Most of them date back to the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#628-673_YW:_The_Silver_Age_of_Wesnoth|Silver Age of Wesnoth (628-673 YW)]] and the peaceful reign of [[CharactersStorys#Konrad_II|Konrad II]], which sparked a minor scientific renaissance in the kingdom, reviving the level of interest in linguistics among the scholars seen before only during the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#200-350 YW: The Golden Age of Wesnoth|Golden Age of Wesnoth (200-350 YW)]].&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;tright&amp;quot;&amp;gt;__TOC__&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== Drake Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Continental Drakish ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Continental Drakish phonology consists of the following phonemes:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Coronal !! Post-&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;alveolar !! Velar !! Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
| ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| v&lt;br /&gt;
| θ s&lt;br /&gt;
| ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Liquid&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| r l&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!Front&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i&lt;br /&gt;
| u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e&lt;br /&gt;
| o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | au̯&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Presumably, all consonants can be geminated and all vowels have a corresponding nasal variant.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
* All phonemes are orthographically represented the same way they are in english, except for /ʔ/, which is written as an apostrophe ⟨'⟩.&lt;br /&gt;
* Final ⟨hn⟩ serves as a nasalization marker.&lt;br /&gt;
* Final ⟨é⟩ indicates the vowel is spoken rather than modifying a medial vowel (there is no silent final 'e' in the language).&lt;br /&gt;
* Word-final ⟨ck⟩ has the value /k/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Drake alphabet'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| A a || B b || C c || D d || E e || G g || I i || K k || L l&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /b/ || /k/ || /d/ || /e/ || /g/ || /i/ || /k/ || /l/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| M m || N n || O o || R r || S s || T t || U u || V v || Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /m/ || /n/ || /o/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /u/ || /v/ || /z/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Oceanic Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The oceanic language family includes two major branches: northern and southern oceanic, commonly referred to as the &amp;quot;merfolk&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;naga&amp;quot; branches respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Merfolk Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Notable features of the merfolk language's phonology include the four long vowel variants, widespread vowel hiatus, a large amount of fricatives as well as a voiceless approximant series (/ç/ and /h/ are considered to actually be [j̊] and [ʍ] by some scholars).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Stop&lt;br /&gt;
| p b&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| c&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| f v&lt;br /&gt;
| θ ð&lt;br /&gt;
| s z&lt;br /&gt;
| ç&lt;br /&gt;
| x~h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| l̥ l&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| w&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| r&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Unrounded || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Rounded&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| ɪ iː || ʏ yː&lt;br /&gt;
| ʊ uː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| ɛ ||&lt;br /&gt;
| ɔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; | a aː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; | ai̯&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Most mermen live in isolation in shallow ocean waters and use their own script. During the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#417-530_YW:_The_Turmoil_of_Asheviere|Turmoil of Asheviere]] many coastal merfolk were made to join the sides of the conflict and integrate into army structures, adopting the wesnothian steel-hand with it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;7&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Merfolk alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || Ā ā || B b || C c || D d || E e || G g &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /aː/ || /b/ || /c/ || /d/ || /ɛ/ || /g/ &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| H h || I i || Ī ī || J j || K k || L l || M m &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /h/ || /ɪ/ || /iː/ || /j/ || /k/ || /l/ || /m/ &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| N n || O o || P p || R r || S s || T t || U u &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /n/ || /ɔ/ || /p/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /ʊ/ &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Ū ū || V v || W w || Y y || Ȳ ȳ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /uː/ || /v/ || /w/ || /ʏ/ || /yː/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /z/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;8&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Merfolk alphabet''' (merfolk script)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Α α || Ᾱ ᾱ || Β β || Γ γ || Δ δ || Ε ε || Ζ ζ || Θ θ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /aː/ || /v/ || /g/ || /ð/ || /ɛ/ || /z/ || /θ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Ι ι || Ῑ ῑ || Κ κ || Λ λ || Μ μ || Ν ν || Ο ο || Π π&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ɪ/ || /iː/ || /k/ || /l/ || /m/ || /n/ || /ɔ/ || /p/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Ρ ρ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Σ σ/ς || Τ τ || Υ υ || Ῡ ῡ || Φ φ || Χ χ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /r/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /s/ || /t/ || /ʏ/ || /yː/ || /f/ || /h/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraphs ⟨ll/λλ⟩, ⟨ββ⟩, ⟨ph⟩, ⟨th⟩, ⟨dh⟩, ⟨ch/χι⟩, ⟨kh⟩, ⟨κι⟩, ⟨μπ⟩, ⟨ντ⟩, ⟨ου⟩ and ⟨οῡ⟩ are used to represent the phonemes /l̥/, /w/, /f/, /θ/, /ð/, /ç/, [x], /c/, /b/, /d/, /ʊ/ and /uː/ respectively. The grapheme ⟨ι⟩ is also used to represent /j/, as well as palatalization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Naga Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The phonology of the naga language appears to be typologically unusual in comparison to other languages of Irdya. It has several laterals, but no voiced [l]. The voicing distinction among obstruents is missing as well, unlike in its sister language. Details of the fortis-lenis distinction are still a matter of debate among the scholars of Wesnoth, as fieldwork in naga territory comes with considerable risks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
! Fortis&lt;br /&gt;
| p|b̥&lt;br /&gt;
| t|d̥&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k|ɡ̊&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Lenis&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Sibilant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s̻&lt;br /&gt;
| s̺&lt;br /&gt;
| ç~ɕ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ʋ&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ɾ&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i iː&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a aː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | eɪ̯ aɪ̯ i̯a&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The dorsal sibilant varies in pronunciation depending on the dialect. Voiced variants of lateral consonants appear intervocalically as allophones, as does the phone [v] as an allophone of /ʋ/ before an onset of a syllable.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Front vowels /i/, /e/ and /a/ tend to lenite into [ɪ], [ə] and [ɐ] when unstressed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although the majority of the naga prefer to use the script of the dunefolk, learned from them due to years of coexistence, several communities in the Far North tend to use the wesnothian steel-hand as well.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;7&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Naga alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || Ą ą || B b || D d || E e || G g || H h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /aː/ || /b̥/ || /d̥/ || /e/ || /ɡ̊/ || /x/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| I i || Į į || K k || L l || M m || N n || O o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /i/ || /iː/ || /k/ || /ɬ/ || /m/ || /n/ || /o/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| P p || R r || S s || T t || V v || X x || Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /p/ || /ɾ/ || /s̺/ || /t/ || /ʋ/ || /ɕ/ || /s̻/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Naga alphabet''' (dunefolk script)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ص || ش || س || ر || د || خ || ت || ب || ا&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /s̻/ || /ɕ/ || /s̺/ || /ɾ/ || /d̥/ || /x/ || /t/ || /b̥/ || /aː/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ي || و || ە || ن || م || ل || ك || غ || ط&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /iː/ || /ʋ/ || /e/ || /n/ || /m/ || /ɬ/ || /k/ || /ɡ̊/ || /t͡ɬ/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraph ⟨ll⟩ is used to represent /t͡ɬ/ in the steel-hand alphabet. Vowels /i/, /o, /a/ are typically not written in the dunefolk script, but can be represented with the diacritics ⟨ــِـ⟩, ⟨ــُـ⟩ and ⟨ــَـ⟩ respectively. ⟨i⟩ and ⟨ي⟩ also represent /j/ in diphthongs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See Also ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Races]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[CampaignDialogue|Campaign Dialogue]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:World of Wesnoth]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Languages_of_Wesnoth&amp;diff=75436</id>
		<title>Languages of Wesnoth</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Languages_of_Wesnoth&amp;diff=75436"/>
		<updated>2026-06-25T15:31:35Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: Added flexboxes for tables&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Translations}}&lt;br /&gt;
The world of Wesnoth is as rich in languages as it is in all sorts of creatures and races that inhabit it. Although fieldwork in distant lands is never easy, many mages from the Great Academy on Alduin as well as other scholars from Weldin and Elensefar have managed to assemble impressive archives full of manuscripts on the various languages ​​of Irdya. Most of the information provided dates back to the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#628-673_YW:_The_Silver_Age_of_Wesnoth|Silver Age of Wesnoth (628-673 YW)]] and the peaceful reign of [[CharactersStorys#Konrad_II|Konrad II]], which sparked a minor scientific renaissance in the kingdom, reviving the level of interest in linguistics seen before only during the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#200-350 YW: The Golden Age of Wesnoth|Golden Age of Wesnoth (200-350 YW)]].&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;tright&amp;quot;&amp;gt;__TOC__&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== Drake Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Continental Drakish ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to [https://github.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/blob/master/data/core/macros/names.cfg the game files], Continental Drakish phonology consists of the following phonemes:&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Coronal !! Post-&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;alveolar !! Velar !! Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
| ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| v&lt;br /&gt;
| θ s&lt;br /&gt;
| ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Liquid&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| r l&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!Front&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i&lt;br /&gt;
| u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e&lt;br /&gt;
| o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | au̯&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Presumably, all consonants can be geminated and all vowels have a corresponding nasal variant due to the [https://github.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/blob/master/data/core/macros/names.cfg outlined spelling peculiarities].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
* All phonemes are orthographically represented the same way they are in english, except for /ʔ/, which is written as an apostrophe ⟨'⟩.&lt;br /&gt;
* Final ⟨hn⟩ serves as a nasalization marker.&lt;br /&gt;
* Final ⟨é⟩ indicates the vowel is spoken rather than modifying a medial vowel (there is no silent final 'e' in the language).&lt;br /&gt;
* Word-final ⟨ck⟩ has the value /k/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Drake alphabet'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| A a || B b || C c || D d || E e || G g || I i || K k || L l&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /b/ || /k/ || /d/ || /e/ || /g/ || /i/ || /k/ || /l/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| M m || N n || O o || R r || S s || T t || U u || V v || Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /m/ || /n/ || /o/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /u/ || /v/ || /z/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Oceanic Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Oceanic language family includes two major branches: northern and southern oceanic, commonly refered to as the &amp;quot;merfolk&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;naga&amp;quot; branches respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Merfolk Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Notable features of the merfolk language's phonology include the four long vowel variants, widespread vowel hiatus, a large ammount of fricatives as well as a voiceless approximant series (/ç/ and /h/ are considered [j̊] and [ʍ] in some analyses).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Stop&lt;br /&gt;
| p b&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| c&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| f v&lt;br /&gt;
| θ ð&lt;br /&gt;
| s z&lt;br /&gt;
| ç&lt;br /&gt;
| x~h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| l̥ l&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| w&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| r&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Unrounded || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Rounded&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| ɪ iː || ʏ yː&lt;br /&gt;
| ʊ uː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| ɛ ||&lt;br /&gt;
| ɔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; | a aː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; | ai̯&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Most mermen live in isolation in shallow ocean waters and use their own script. During the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#417-530_YW:_The_Turmoil_of_Asheviere|Turmoil of Asheviere]] many coastal merfolk were made to join the sides of the conflict and integrate into army structures, adopting the wesnothian steel-hand with it.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;7&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Merfolk alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || Ā ā || B b || C c || D d || E e || G g &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /aː/ || /b/ || /c/ || /d/ || /ɛ/ || /g/ &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| H h || I i || Ī ī || J j || K k || L l || M m &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /h/ || /ɪ/ || /iː/ || /j/ || /k/ || /l/ || /m/ &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| N n || O o || P p || R r || S s || T t || U u &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /n/ || /ɔ/ || /p/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /ʊ/ &lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Ū ū || V v || W w || Y y || Ȳ ȳ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /uː/ || /v/ || /w/ || /ʏ/ || /yː/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /z/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;8&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Merfolk alphabet''' (merfolk script)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Α α || Ᾱ ᾱ || Β β || Γ γ || Δ δ || Ε ε || Ζ ζ || Θ θ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /aː/ || /v/ || /g/ || /ð/ || /ɛ/ || /z/ || /θ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Ι ι || Ῑ ῑ || Κ κ || Λ λ || Μ μ || Ν ν || Ο ο || Π π&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ɪ/ || /iː/ || /k/ || /l/ || /m/ || /n/ || /ɔ/ || /p/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Ρ ρ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Σ σ/ς || Τ τ || Υ υ || Ῡ ῡ || Φ φ || Χ χ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /r/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /s/ || /t/ || /ʏ/ || /yː/ || /f/ || /h/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraphs ⟨ll/λλ⟩, ⟨ββ⟩, ⟨ph⟩, ⟨th⟩, ⟨dh⟩, ⟨ch/χι⟩, ⟨kh⟩, ⟨κι⟩, ⟨μπ⟩, ⟨ντ⟩, ⟨ου⟩ and ⟨οῡ⟩ are used to represent the phonemes /l̥/, /w/, /f/, /θ/, /ð/, /ç/, [x], /c/, /b/, /d/, /ʊ/ and /uː/ respectively. The grapheme ⟨ι⟩ is also used to represent /j/, as well as palatalization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Naga Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The phonology of the naga language appears to be typologically unusual in comparison to other languages of Irdya. It has several laterals, but no voiced [l]. The voicing distinction among obstruents is missing as well, unlike in its sister language. Details of the fortis-lenis distinction are still a matter of debate among the scholars of Wesnoth, as fieldwork in naga territory comes with considerable risks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
! Fortis&lt;br /&gt;
| p|b̥&lt;br /&gt;
| t|d̥&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k|ɡ̊&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Lenis&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Sibilant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s̻&lt;br /&gt;
| s̺&lt;br /&gt;
| ç~ɕ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ʋ&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ɾ&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i iː&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a aː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | eɪ̯ aɪ̯ i̯a&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The dorsal sibilant varies in pronunciation depending on the dialect. Voiced variants of lateral consonants appear intervocalically as allophones, as does the phone [v] as an allophone of /ʋ/ before an onset of a syllable.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Front vowels /i/, /e/ and /a/ tend to lenite into [ɪ], [ə] and [ɐ] when unstressed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although the majority of the naga prefer to use the script of the dunefolk, learned from them due to years of coexistence, several communities in the Far North tend to use the wesnothian steel-hand as well.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div style=&amp;quot;display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: space-between; justify-content: space-between;&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;7&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Naga alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || Ą ą || B b || D d || E e || G g || H h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /aː/ || /b̥/ || /d̥/ || /e/ || /ɡ̊/ || /x/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| I i || Į į || K k || L l || M m || N n || O o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /i/ || /iː/ || /k/ || /ɬ/ || /m/ || /n/ || /o/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| P p || R r || S s || T t || V v || X x || Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /p/ || /ɾ/ || /s̺/ || /t/ || /ʋ/ || /ɕ/ || /s̻/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Naga alphabet''' (dunefolk script)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ص || ش || س || ر || د || خ || ت || ب || ا&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /s̻/ || /ɕ/ || /s̺/ || /ɾ/ || /d̥/ || /x/ || /t/ || /b̥/ || /aː/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ي || و || ە || ن || م || ل || ك || غ || ط&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /iː/ || /ʋ/ || /e/ || /n/ || /m/ || /ɬ/ || /k/ || /ɡ̊/ || /t͡ɬ/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraph ⟨ll⟩ is used to represent /t͡ɬ/ in the steel-hand alphabet. Vowels /i/, /o, /a/ are typically not written in the dunefolk script, but can be represented with the diacritics ⟨ــِـ⟩,⟨ــُـ⟩ and ⟨ــَـ⟩ respectively. ⟨i⟩ and ⟨ي⟩ also represent /j/ in diphthongs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See Also ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Races]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[CampaignDialogue|Campaign Dialogue]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:World of Wesnoth]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Loyalists&amp;diff=75435</id>
		<title>Loyalists</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Loyalists&amp;diff=75435"/>
		<updated>2026-06-25T14:53:59Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: Updated unit tree link&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Faction |&lt;br /&gt;
faction = Loyalists |&lt;br /&gt;
image= &lt;br /&gt;
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/1.16/data/core/images/units/human-loyalists/marshal-leading.png |&lt;br /&gt;
era=[[Default Era]] |&lt;br /&gt;
race=[[Humans]], [[Merfolk|Mermen]] |&lt;br /&gt;
alignment=Lawful, Neutral |&lt;br /&gt;
units=Cavalryman, Horseman, Spearman, Fencer, Heavy Infantryman, Bowman, Mage, Merman Fighter |&lt;br /&gt;
tactics=[[How to play Loyalists]] |&lt;br /&gt;
tree=[https://www.wesnoth.org/units/1.18/mainline/en_US/era_dunefolk.html#Loyalists 1.18]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Translations}}&lt;br /&gt;
The '''Loyalists''' are a faction of [[Humans]] who are loyal to the throne of Wesnoth. Humans are a versatile race who specialize in many different areas. Similarly, the Loyalist faction is a very versatile melee-oriented faction with important ranged support from bowmen and mages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Races==&lt;br /&gt;
===Humans===&lt;br /&gt;
''Main article: [[Humans]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The race of men is an extremely diverse one. Although they originally came from the Old Continent, men have spread all over the world and split into many different cultures and races. Although they are not imbued with magic like other creatures, humans can learn to wield it and able to learn more types than most others. They have no extra special abilities or aptitudes except their versatility and drive. Although often at odds with all races, they can occasionally form alliances with the less aggressive races such as [[elves]] and [[dwarves]]. The less scrupulous among them do not shrink back from hiring [[Orcs|orcish]] mercenaries, either. They have no natural enemies, although the majority of men, like most people of all races, have an instinctive dislike of the [[Undead (race)|undead]]. Men are shorter than the elves, but taller still than dwarves. Their skin color can vary, from almost white to dark brown.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Mermen===&lt;br /&gt;
The Merfolk live in the shallow parts of the ocean, wary of the monsters that lurk in the deep. Ordinarily they form alliances with no one, but in Asheviere's time they allied with the elves in order to defeat their captors. Mermen are powerful and quick in any watery environment, but struggle greatly to move on land.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Tactics==&lt;br /&gt;
''Main article: [[How to play Loyalists]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Loyalists are considered to be the most versatile faction in the game. They have most available unit types to recruit (eight), more than any other faction. Loyalists are mostly melee oriented faction, with only two ranged unit types, the mage and the bowman, but their ranged units play a significant role in the loyalists strategy and have to be used effectively. The loyalists unit price ranges from the cheap spearmen and mermen (14 gold) to the expensive horsemen (23 gold).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Factionbox}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Factions]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Rebels&amp;diff=75434</id>
		<title>Rebels</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Rebels&amp;diff=75434"/>
		<updated>2026-06-25T14:53:32Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: Added {{Translations}} template, updated unit tree link&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Faction |&lt;br /&gt;
faction = Rebels |&lt;br /&gt;
image= &lt;br /&gt;
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/1.16/data/core/images/units/elves-wood/marshal-leading.png |&lt;br /&gt;
era=[[Default Era]] |&lt;br /&gt;
race=[[Elves]], [[Humans]], [[Merfolk|Mermen]], [[Woses]] |&lt;br /&gt;
alignment=Neutral, Lawful |&lt;br /&gt;
units=Elvish Archer, Elvish Fighter, Elvish Scout, Elvish Shaman, Mage, Merman Hunter, Wose |&lt;br /&gt;
tactics=[[How to play Rebels]] |&lt;br /&gt;
tree=[https://www.wesnoth.org/units/1.18/mainline/en_US/era_dunefolk.html#Rebels 1.18] &lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Translations}}&lt;br /&gt;
The '''Rebels''' are a faction of [[Elves]] and their various forest-dwelling allies. They get their [[humans|human]] name, Rebels, from the time of [[Heir to the Throne]], when they started the rebellion against the evil Queen Asheviere. Elves are a magical race that are masters of the bow and are capable of living many years longer than humans. In harmony with nature, the elves find allies with the human mages, certain merfolk, and tree creatures called &amp;quot;Woses.&amp;quot; Rebels are best played taking advantage of their high forest defense, mastery of ranged attacks, and the elves' neutral alignment.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Races==&lt;br /&gt;
===Elves===&lt;br /&gt;
''Main article: [[Elves]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;thumb tright&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[https://www.wesnoth.org/images/sshots/wesnoth-1.3.13-1.jpg https://www.wesnoth.org/images/sshots/wesnoth-1.3.13-1-175.jpg]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;thumbcaption&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A group of Rebels fighting some&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Undead at Cynsaun Battlefield.&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Compared to humans, elves are somewhat taller, more agile but less sturdy. They have slightly pointy ears, pale skin and usually blond hair. Few differences between humans and elves are more pronounced than the latter’s unusually long life - most, unless claimed by illness, accident or war, live a full two centuries. While some elves possessing a high magical aptitude have been known to live an additional full century, most elves begin to grow physically frail approaching their twentieth decade and pass away within a few decades after. Elves are naturally imbued with magic to a small degree. Though most are unable to channel it directly, its latent presence gives them their keen senses and long life. Many elves have magic-driven talents such as marksmanship or stealth, allowing them to achieve tasks that most normal beings would find astonishing. Those elves that learn to wield this power in more general ways can become truly formidable in its use. Many choose to use their gift to heal others.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Humans===&lt;br /&gt;
''Main article: [[Humans]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The race of men is an extremely diverse one. Although they originally came from the Old Continent, men have spread all over the world and split into many different cultures and races. Although they are not imbued with magic like other creatures, humans can learn to wield it and able to learn more types than most others. They have no extra special abilities or aptitudes except their versatility and drive. Although often at odds with all races, they can occasionally form alliances with the less aggressive races such as [[elves]] and [[dwarves]]. The less scrupulous among them do not shrink back from hiring [[Orcs|orcish]] mercenaries, either. They have no natural enemies, although the majority of men, like most people of all races, have an instinctive dislike of the [[Undead (race)|undead]]. Men are shorter than the elves, but taller still than dwarves. Their skin color can vary, from almost white to dark brown.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Mermen===&lt;br /&gt;
The Merfolk live in the shallow parts of the ocean, wary of the monsters that lurk in the deep. Ordinarily they form alliances with no one, but in Asheviere's time they allied with the elves in order to defeat their captors. Mermen are powerful and quick in any watery environment, but struggle greatly to move on land.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Woses===&lt;br /&gt;
Little is known about the Woses, apart from their tree-like appearance. However these beings have not descended from trees, despite the similarity in form. They seem to be wardens of the natural world.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Tactics==&lt;br /&gt;
''Main article: [[How to play Rebels]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Rebels have good to great defense in forest. Elves should try to stay there whenever possible, as obvious as that is. Even the easily hit Wose has his best defense (still hit more often than missed) in forest. Elves are Neutral in alignment, so it is best when they attack when their opponent is at their weakest. The Mage, Wose, and Merman are Lawful however, so one must take this into consideration if they recruit these units. Rebels will be strongest in the day, but if their opponent is also strongest in the day it is usually best to fight at night. One of the Rebels' greatest strengths is their abundance of ranged attacks in harmony with the Dextrous trait. This characteristic gives Rebels frequent chances to attack without taking retaliation damage. It also guarantees any opponent attacking them will take some damage in return.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Factionbox}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Factions]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Rebels/ru&amp;diff=75433</id>
		<title>Rebels/ru</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Rebels/ru&amp;diff=75433"/>
		<updated>2026-06-25T14:52:11Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: Created page with &amp;quot;{{Faction/ru | faction = Мятежники | image= https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/1.16/data/core/images/units/elves-wood/marshal-leading.png | era=Defau...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Faction/ru |&lt;br /&gt;
faction = Мятежники |&lt;br /&gt;
image=&lt;br /&gt;
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/1.16/data/core/images/units/elves-wood/marshal-leading.png |&lt;br /&gt;
era=[[Default Era/ru|Эра по умолчанию]] |&lt;br /&gt;
race=[[Elves/ru|Эльфы]], [[Humans/ru|Люди]], [[Merfolk/ru|Водяные]], [[Woses/ru|Древни]] |&lt;br /&gt;
alignment=Нейтральные, Порядочные |&lt;br /&gt;
units=Стрелок, Воин, Гонец, Ведунья, Маг, Ловец, Древень |&lt;br /&gt;
tactics=[[How to play Rebels/ru|Как играть Мятежниками]] |&lt;br /&gt;
tree=[https://www.wesnoth.org/units/1.18/mainline/ru_RU/era_dunefolk.html#Мятежники 1.18]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Translations}}&lt;br /&gt;
'''Повстанцы''' — это фракция [[Elves/ru|эльфов]] и их многочисленных лесных союзников. Свое название «Мятежники» они получили во времена [[Heir to the Throne/ru|Наследника Престола]], когда начали восстание против тирании королевы Ашевир. Эльфы — магическая раса, мастера стрельбы из лука, способные жить намного дольше людей. Находясь в гармонии с природой, эльфы находят союзников среди человеческих магов, некоторых русалок и древесных существ, называемых «Древнями». Лучше всего играть за Мятежников, используя преимущества их высокой защиты в лесах, мастерства в атаках дальнего боя и нейтрального типа эльфов.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Расы ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Эльфы ===&lt;br /&gt;
''Основная статья: [[Elves/ru|Эльфы]]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;thumb tright&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
[https://www.wesnoth.org/images/sshots/wesnoth-1.3.13-1.jpg https://www.wesnoth.org/images/sshots/wesnoth-1.3.13-1-175.jpg]&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;thumbcaption&amp;quot;&amp;gt;Группа Мятежников, сражающихся с&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Нежитью на поле битвы Цинзаун.&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
По сравнению с людьми, эльфы несколько выше, более проворны, но менее крепки. У них слегка заострённые уши, бледная кожа и обычно светлые волосы. Немногие различия между людьми и эльфами более выражены, чем необычайно продолжительная жизнь последних — большинство из них, если только не падут от болезни, несчастнлого случая или войны, живут полных два столетия. Хотя известно, что некоторые эльфы, обладающие высокими магическими способностями, проживают ещё целое столетие, большинство эльфов начинают становиться физически слабыми к двадцатому десятилетию и умирают через несколько десятилетий после этого. Эльфы от природы в небольшой степени пропитаны магией. Хотя большинство из них неспособны управлять ей напрямую, её скрытое присутствие даёт им острые чувства и долгую жизнь. Многие эльфы обладают магическими талантами, такими как меткость или скрытность, что позволяет им выполнять задачи, которые большинство обычных существ сочли бы невозможными. Те эльфы, которые научатся владеть этой силой более общими способами, могут стать поистине грозными в её использовании. Многие предпочитают использовать свой дар, чтобы исцелять других.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Люди ===&lt;br /&gt;
''Основная статья: [[Humans/ru|Люди]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Раса людей чрезвычайно разнообразна. Хотя изначально люди пришли со Старого континента, они распространились по всему миру и разделились на множество разных культур и рас. Хотя они не наделены магией, как другие существа, '''люди''' могут научиться владеть ею и способны изучить больше типов, чем многие друге. У них нет никаких особых способностей или наклонностей, кроме универсальности и целеустремленности. Хотя они часто находятся в междоусобицах со всеми расами, они время от времени образовывают союзы с менее агрессивными расами, такими как [[elves/ru|эльфы]] и [[dwarves/ru|гномы]]. Менее щепетильные из них также не гнушаются нанимать [[orcs/ru|орков]]-наёмников. У них нет естественных врагов, хотя большинство людей, как и большая часть всех других рас, испытывают инстинктивную неприязнь к [[undead (race)/ru|нежити]]. Люди ниже эльфов, но выше гномов. Цвет их кожи может варьироваться от почти белого до тёмно-коричневого.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Водяные ===&lt;br /&gt;
Водяные живут на океаническом мелководье, страшась монстров, скрывающихся в глубинах. Обычно они ни с кем не заключают альянсов, но во времена Ашевир они объединились с эльфами. Водяные сильны и быстры в воде, но имеют трудности с движением по земле.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Древни ===&lt;br /&gt;
О древнях известно мало, кроме их древесной внешности. Тем не менее, эти существа не происходят от деревьев, несмотря на их схожую форму. Они выступают защитниками природы в мире. Всё что о них изветсно — лишь слова их близких союзников, эльфов.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Тактика ==&lt;br /&gt;
''Основная статья: [[How to play Rebels/ru|Как играть Мятежниками]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
У мятежников отличная защита в лесах. Эльфам следует, по мере возможности, оставаться именно там. Даже легко поражаемый древень имеет лучшую защиту (попадание всё равно происходит чаще, чем промах) именно в лесу. Эльфы относятся к нейтральному типу, поэтому лучше всего атаковать, когда противник наиболее слаб. Маги, древни и водяные, однако, относятся к порядочному типу, это следует учитывать при их найме. Мятежники наиболее сильны днём, но если их противник также наиболее силён днём, обычно лучше сражаться ночью. Одна из главных сильных сторон мятежников — обилие атак дальнего боя в сочетании с чертой «Ловкость». Эта характеристика даёт повстанцам частые возможности для атаки, не получая ответного урона. Это также гарантирует, что любой противник, атакующий их, получит некоторый урон в ответ.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Factionbox/ru}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Factions]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Languages_of_Wesnoth&amp;diff=75432</id>
		<title>Languages of Wesnoth</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Languages_of_Wesnoth&amp;diff=75432"/>
		<updated>2026-06-25T11:46:03Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: Added merfolk language&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Translations}}&lt;br /&gt;
The world of Wesnoth is as rich in languages as it is in all sorts of creatures and races that inhabit it. Although fieldwork in distant lands is never easy, many mages from the Great Academy on Alduin and other scholars from Weldin and Elensefar have managed to assemble impressive archives on the various languages ​​of Irdya. Most of the information provided dates to the [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#628-673_YW:_The_Silver_Age_of_Wesnoth|The Silver Age of Wesnoth (628-673 YW)]] and the peaceful reign of [[CharactersStorys#Konrad_II|Konrad II]], which sparked a minor scientific renaissance in the kingdom.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;tright&amp;quot;&amp;gt;__TOC__&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== Drake Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Continental Drakish ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
According to [https://github.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/blob/master/data/core/macros/names.cfg the game files], Continental Drakish phonology consists of the following phonemes:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;tright&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
!Front&lt;br /&gt;
!Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i&lt;br /&gt;
| u&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e&lt;br /&gt;
| o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | au̯&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Coronal !! Post-&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;alveolar !! Velar !! Glottal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
| b&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
| ʔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| v&lt;br /&gt;
| θ s&lt;br /&gt;
| ʃ&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Liquid&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| r l&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Presumably, all consonants can be geminated and all vowels have a corresponding nasal variant due to the [https://github.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/blob/master/data/core/macros/names.cfg outlined spelling peculiarities].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
* All phonemes are orthographically represented the same way they are in english, except for /ʔ/, which is written as an apostrophe ⟨'⟩.&lt;br /&gt;
* Final ⟨hn⟩ serves as a nasalization marker.&lt;br /&gt;
* Final ⟨é⟩ indicates the vowel is spoken rather than modifying a medial vowel (there is no silent final 'e' in the language).&lt;br /&gt;
* Word-final ⟨ck⟩ has the value /k/.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Drake alphabet'''&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| A a || B b || C c || D d || E e || G g || I i || K k || L l&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /b/ || /k/ || /d/ || /e/ || /g/ || /i/ || /k/ || /l/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| M m || N n || O o || R r || S s || T t || U u || V v || Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /m/ || /n/ || /o/ || /r/ || /s/ || /t/ || /u/ || /v/ || /z/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Oceanic Languages ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Oceanic language family includes two major branches: western and eastern oceanic, commonly refered to as the &amp;quot;merfolk&amp;quot; and &amp;quot;naga&amp;quot; branches respectively.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Merfolk Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Notable features of the merman language phonology include the four long vowel variants, widespread vowel hiatus, a large ammount of fricatives as well as a voiceless approximant series (/ç/ and /h/ are considered [j̊] and [ʍ] in some analyses).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;tright&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Unrounded || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Rounded&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| ɪ iː || ʏ yː&lt;br /&gt;
| ʊ uː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| ɛ ||&lt;br /&gt;
| ɔ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; | a aː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;3&amp;quot; | ai̯&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Palatal !! Velar&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Stop&lt;br /&gt;
| p b&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| t d&lt;br /&gt;
| c&lt;br /&gt;
| k g&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| f v&lt;br /&gt;
| θ ð&lt;br /&gt;
| s z&lt;br /&gt;
| ç&lt;br /&gt;
| x~h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Approximant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| l̥ l&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
| w&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Trill&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| r&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although most merfolk lead an isolated lifestyle in the ocean and use their own script, many merfolk have taken sides during [[Timeline_of_Wesnoth#417-530_YW:_The_Turmoil_of_Asheviere|The Turmoil of Ascheviere]], adopting the wesnothian steel-hand afterwards.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;tright&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;8&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Merfolk alphabet''' (merfolk script)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Α α || Ᾱ ᾱ || Β β || Γ γ || Δ δ || Ε ε || Ζ ζ || Θ θ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /aː/ || /v/ || /g/ || /ð/ || /ɛ/ || /z/ || /θ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Ι ι || Ῑ ῑ || Κ κ || Λ λ || Μ μ || Ν ν || Ο ο || Π π&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /ɪ/ || /iː/ || /k/ || /l/ || /m/ || /n/ || /ɔ/ || /p/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| Ρ ρ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Σ σ/ς || Τ τ || Υ υ || Ῡ ῡ || Φ φ || Χ χ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /r/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /s/ || /t/ || /ʏ/ || /yː/ || /f/ || /h/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;6&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Merfolk alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || Ā ā || B b || C c || D d || E e&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /aː/ || /b/ || /c/ || /d/ || /ɛ/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| G g || H h || I i || Ī ī || J j || K k&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /g/ || /h/ || /ɪ/ || /iː/ || /j/ || /k/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| L l || M m || N n || O o || P p || R r&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /l/ || /m/ || /n/ || /ɔ/ || /p/ || /r/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| S s || T t || U u || Ū ū || V v || W w&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /s/ || /t/ || /ʊ/ || /uː/ || /v/ || /w/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Y y || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Ȳ ȳ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /ʏ/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /yː/ || colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | /z/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraphs ⟨ll/λλ⟩, ⟨ββ⟩, ⟨ph⟩, ⟨th⟩, ⟨dh⟩, ⟨ch/χι⟩, ⟨kh⟩, ⟨κι⟩, ⟨μπ⟩, ⟨ντ⟩, ⟨ου⟩ and ⟨οῡ⟩ are used to represent the phonemes /l̥/, /w/, /f/, /θ/, /ð/, /ç/, [x], /c/, /b/, /d/, /ʊ/ and /uː/ respectively. The grapheme ⟨ι⟩ is also used to represent /j/, as well as palatalization.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Naga Language ===&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Phonology ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The phonology of the naga language appears to be typologically unusual in comparison to other languages of Irdya. It has several laterals, but no voiced [l]. The voicing distinction among obstruents is missing as well, unlike in its sister language. Details of the fortis-lenis distinction are still a matter of debate among the scholars of Wesnoth, as fieldwork in naga territory comes with considerable risks.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;tright&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;text-align: center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+Vowels&lt;br /&gt;
!&lt;br /&gt;
! Front !! Back&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Close&lt;br /&gt;
| i iː&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Mid&lt;br /&gt;
| e&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Open&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | a aː&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Diphthong&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | eɪ̯ aɪ̯ i̯a&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{|class=&amp;quot;wikitable&amp;quot; style=text-align:center&lt;br /&gt;
|+Consonants&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; |&lt;br /&gt;
! Labial !! Dental !! Alveolar !! Dorsal&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Nasal&lt;br /&gt;
| m&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | n&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Obstruent&lt;br /&gt;
! Lenis&lt;br /&gt;
| p|b̥&lt;br /&gt;
| t|d̥&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| k|ɡ̊&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! Fortis&lt;br /&gt;
| p&lt;br /&gt;
| t&lt;br /&gt;
| t͡ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
| k&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Sibilant&lt;br /&gt;
|&lt;br /&gt;
| s̻&lt;br /&gt;
| s̺&lt;br /&gt;
| ç~ɕ&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Fricative&lt;br /&gt;
| rowspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ʋ&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ɬ&lt;br /&gt;
| x&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
! colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | Sonorant&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot; | ɾ&lt;br /&gt;
| j&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The dorsal sibilant varies in pronunciation depending on the dialect. Voiced variants of lateral consonants appear intervocalically as allophones, as does the phone [v] as an allophone of /ʋ/ before an onset of a syllable.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Front vowels /i/, /e/ and /a/ tend to lenite into [ɪ], [ə] and [ɐ] when unstressed.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==== Orthography ====&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Although the majority of the naga prefer to use the script of the dunefolk, learned from them due to years of coexistence, several communities in the Far North tend to use the wesnothian steel-hand as well.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;tright&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;9&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Naga alphabet''' (dunefolk script)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ص || ش || س || ر || د || خ || ت || ب || ا&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /s̻/ || /ɕ/ || /s̺/ || /ɾ/ || /d̥/ || /x/ || /t/ || /b̥/ || /aː/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| ي || و || ە || ن || م || ل || ك || غ || ط&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /iː/ || /ʋ/ || /e/ || /n/ || /m/ || /ɬ/ || /k/ || /ɡ̊/ || /t͡ɬ/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{| cellpadding=4 style=&amp;quot;font-size:large; text-align:center;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
| colspan=&amp;quot;7&amp;quot; style=&amp;quot;font-size:smaller;&amp;quot; | '''Naga alphabet''' (steel-hand)&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| A a || Ą ą || B b || D d || E e || G g || H h&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /a/ || /aː/ || /b̥/ || /d̥/ || /e/ || /ɡ̊/ || /x/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| I i || Į į || K k || L l || M m || N n || O o&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /i/ || /iː/ || /k/ || /ɬ/ || /m/ || /n/ || /o/&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| P p || R r || S s || T t || V v || X x || Z z&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|| /p/ || /ɾ/ || /s̺/ || /t/ || /ʋ/ || /ɕ/ || /s̻/&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The digraph ⟨ll⟩ is used to represent /t͡ɬ/ in the steel-hand alphabet. Vowels /i/, /o, /a/ are typically not written in the dunefolk script, but can be represented with the diacritics ⟨ــِـ⟩,⟨ــُـ⟩ and ⟨ــَـ⟩ respectively. ⟨i⟩ and ⟨ي⟩ also represent /j/ in diphthongs.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== See Also ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
* [[Races]]&lt;br /&gt;
* [[CampaignDialogue|Campaign Dialogue]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:World of Wesnoth]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Template:Faction/ru&amp;diff=75431</id>
		<title>Template:Faction/ru</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Template:Faction/ru&amp;diff=75431"/>
		<updated>2026-06-25T08:20:56Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=340 style=&amp;quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #F8EAD1; border: 1px #E4BC7B solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''{{{faction}}}'''&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;|{{{image}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|'''[[Era/ru|Эра]]''' || {{{era}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|'''[[Races/ru|Расы]]''' || {{{race}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|'''Тип''' || {{{alignment}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|'''Доступные бойцы''' || {{{units}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|'''[[How to play.../ru|Тактика]]''' || {{{tactics}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|'''Древо бойцов''' || {{{tree}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;{{template}}&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Loyalists&amp;diff=75430</id>
		<title>Loyalists</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Loyalists&amp;diff=75430"/>
		<updated>2026-06-25T08:19:41Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: Added {{Translations}} template&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Faction |&lt;br /&gt;
faction = Loyalists |&lt;br /&gt;
image= &lt;br /&gt;
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/1.16/data/core/images/units/human-loyalists/marshal-leading.png |&lt;br /&gt;
era=[[Default Era]] |&lt;br /&gt;
race=[[Humans]], [[Merfolk|Mermen]] |&lt;br /&gt;
alignment=Lawful, Neutral |&lt;br /&gt;
units=Cavalryman, Horseman, Spearman, Fencer, Heavy Infantryman, Bowman, Mage, Merman Fighter |&lt;br /&gt;
tactics=[[How to play Loyalists]] |&lt;br /&gt;
tree=[https://www.wesnoth.org/units/1.16/mainline/en_US/era_dunefolk.html#Loyalists 1.16]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Translations}}&lt;br /&gt;
The '''Loyalists''' are a faction of [[Humans]] who are loyal to the throne of Wesnoth. Humans are a versatile race who specialize in many different areas. Similarly, the Loyalist faction is a very versatile melee-oriented faction with important ranged support from bowmen and mages.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Races==&lt;br /&gt;
===Humans===&lt;br /&gt;
''Main article: [[Humans]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
The race of men is an extremely diverse one. Although they originally came from the Old Continent, men have spread all over the world and split into many different cultures and races. Although they are not imbued with magic like other creatures, humans can learn to wield it and able to learn more types than most others. They have no extra special abilities or aptitudes except their versatility and drive. Although often at odds with all races, they can occasionally form alliances with the less aggressive races such as [[elves]] and [[dwarves]]. The less scrupulous among them do not shrink back from hiring [[Orcs|orcish]] mercenaries, either. They have no natural enemies, although the majority of men, like most people of all races, have an instinctive dislike of the [[Undead (race)|undead]]. Men are shorter than the elves, but taller still than dwarves. Their skin color can vary, from almost white to dark brown.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
===Mermen===&lt;br /&gt;
The Merfolk live in the shallow parts of the ocean, wary of the monsters that lurk in the deep. Ordinarily they form alliances with no one, but in Asheviere's time they allied with the elves in order to defeat their captors. Mermen are powerful and quick in any watery environment, but struggle greatly to move on land.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
==Tactics==&lt;br /&gt;
''Main article: [[How to play Loyalists]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Loyalists are considered to be the most versatile faction in the game. They have most available unit types to recruit (eight), more than any other faction. Loyalists are mostly melee oriented faction, with only two ranged unit types, the mage and the bowman, but their ranged units play a significant role in the loyalists strategy and have to be used effectively. The loyalists unit price ranges from the cheap spearmen and mermen (14 gold) to the expensive horsemen (23 gold).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Factionbox}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Factions]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Loyalists/ru&amp;diff=75429</id>
		<title>Loyalists/ru</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Loyalists/ru&amp;diff=75429"/>
		<updated>2026-06-25T08:18:46Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: Created page with &amp;quot;{{Faction/ru | faction = Лоялисты | image= https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/1.16/data/core/images/units/human-loyalists/marshal-leading.png | era=De...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
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&lt;div&gt;{{Faction/ru |&lt;br /&gt;
faction = Лоялисты |&lt;br /&gt;
image=&lt;br /&gt;
https://raw.githubusercontent.com/wesnoth/wesnoth/1.16/data/core/images/units/human-loyalists/marshal-leading.png |&lt;br /&gt;
era=[[Default Era/ru|Эра по умолчанию]] |&lt;br /&gt;
race=[[Humans/ru|Люди]], [[Merfolk/ru|Водяные]] |&lt;br /&gt;
alignment=Порядочные, Нейтральные |&lt;br /&gt;
units=Кавалерист, Всадник, Копьеносец, Фехтовальщик, Тяжёлый Пехотинец, Лучник, Маг, Воин Моря |&lt;br /&gt;
tactics=[[How to play Loyalists/ru|Как играть лоялистами]] |&lt;br /&gt;
tree=[https://www.wesnoth.org/units/1.18/mainline/ru_RU/era_dunefolk.html#Лоялисты 1.18]&lt;br /&gt;
}}&lt;br /&gt;
{{Translations}}&lt;br /&gt;
'''Лоялисты''' — это фракция [[Humans/ru|людей]], верных трону Веснота. Люди — многогранная раса, специализирующаяся на многих областях. Аналогично, фракция лоялистов — это очень универсальная фракция, ориентированная на ближний бой, с важной поддержкой со стороны лучников и магов, использующих дальнобойное оружие.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Расы ==&lt;br /&gt;
=== Люди ===&lt;br /&gt;
''Основная статья: [[Humans/ru|Люди]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Раса людей чрезвычайно разнообразна. Хотя изначально люди пришли со Старого континента, они распространились по всему миру и разделились на множество разных культур и рас. Хотя они не наделены магией, как другие существа, '''люди''' могут научиться владеть ею и способны изучить больше типов, чем многие друге. У них нет никаких особых способностей или наклонностей, кроме универсальности и целеустремленности. Хотя они часто находятся в междоусобицах со всеми расами, они время от времени образовывают союзы с менее агрессивными расами, такими как [[elves/ru|эльфы]] и [[dwarves/ru|гномы]]. Менее щепетильные из них также не гнушаются нанимать [[orcs/ru|орков]]-наёмников. У них нет естественных врагов, хотя большинство людей, как и большая часть всех других рас, испытывают инстинктивную неприязнь к [[undead (race)/ru|нежити]]. Люди ниже эльфов, но выше гномов. Цвет их кожи может варьироваться от почти белого до тёмно-коричневого.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
=== Водяные ===&lt;br /&gt;
Водяные живут на мелководье, опасаясь чудовищ, обитающих в глубинах. Обычно они ни с кем не заключают союзов, но во времена Ашевир они объединились с эльфами, чтобы победить своих похитителей. Водяные сильны и быстры в любой водной среде, но им очень трудно передвигаться по суше.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Тактика ==&lt;br /&gt;
''Основная статья: [[How to play Loyalists/ru|Как играть лоялистами]]&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Лоялисты считаются самой универсальной фракцией в игре. У них больше всего доступных типов юнитов для найма (восемь), больше, чем у любой другой фракции. Лоялисты в основном ориентированы на ближний бой, имея всего два типа юнитов дальнего боя: мага и лучника, но их бойцы дальнего боя играют значительную роль в стратегии лоялистов и должны использоваться эффективно. Цена юнитов лоялистов варьируется от дешёвых копейщиков и воинов моря (14 золотых) до дорогих всадников (23 золотых).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
{{Factionbox/ru}}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:Factions]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Template:Faction/ru&amp;diff=75428</id>
		<title>Template:Faction/ru</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Template:Faction/ru&amp;diff=75428"/>
		<updated>2026-06-25T08:03:51Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: Created page with &amp;quot;{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=340 style=&amp;quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #F8EAD1; border: 1px #E4BC7B solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size:...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=340 style=&amp;quot;margin: 0 0 1em 1em; background: #F8EAD1; border: 1px #E4BC7B solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;&amp;quot;&lt;br /&gt;
|+&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;&amp;lt;big&amp;gt;'''{{{faction}}}'''&amp;lt;br&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
| align=&amp;quot;center&amp;quot; colspan=&amp;quot;2&amp;quot;|{{{image}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|'''[[Era/ru|Эра]]''' || {{{era}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|'''[[Races/ru|Раса]]''' || {{{race}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|'''Тип''' || {{{alignment}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|'''Доступные Бойцы''' || {{{units}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|'''[[How to play.../ru|Тактика]]''' || {{{tactics}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
|'''Древо Бойцов''' || {{{tree}}}&lt;br /&gt;
|-&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
|}&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;noinclude&amp;gt;{{template}}&amp;lt;/noinclude&amp;gt;&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Glossary&amp;diff=75427</id>
		<title>Glossary</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Glossary&amp;diff=75427"/>
		<updated>2026-06-25T07:43:28Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: Added {{Translations}} template&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Translations}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;tright&amp;quot;&amp;gt; __TOC__ &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Use the following list to demystify the various (mostly wesnoth specific) terms and acronyms you may run into.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- NOTE TO EDITORS: Please try to keep an alphabetic order to simplify manual searching --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== Gaming Terms ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; ability : A special game rule or capability applied to all units of the given unit type - for example every Elvish Shaman has the ability &amp;quot;heal&amp;quot;.  (See [[AbilitiesWML]] for creating abilities.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; campaign: A sequence of scenarios with a connecting storyline. ([[MainlineCampaigns]], [[Guide_to_UMC_Content]], [[CampaignWML]])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; creeping biggerism: the tendency for sprite artists to make new sprites bigger and more detailed than the existing ones, leading to issues of scale.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; era: A set of factions available in multiplayer.  You can download additional eras from the [[Guide_to_UMC_Content|add-on server]]. ([[EraWML]])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; faction: A set of units available to be plated as a side in multiplayer games. ([[EraWML|multiplayer_side WML tag]])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; fog of war: A scenario option; enemy units are displayed only when close to player's units&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; mainline: A [[MainlineCampaigns|campaign]], multiplayer map, era, faction, image, or other resource that ships with the Wesnoth distribution.  The opposite of &amp;quot;[[#U|UMC]]&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; scenario: A sequence of turns played on one map. ([[ScenarioWML]])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; shroud: A scenario option; the whole map is black at the beginning, only parts already &amp;quot;discovered&amp;quot; by the player are visible.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; team color (TColor, TC): A unit graphic done so that color of some unit part (e.g. clothes) reflects the team where unit belongs ([[Team Color Shifting]])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; trait: A random minor modification of a unit; it makes a unit different from other units of the same type. ([[UnitsWML|the trait tag]])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; UMC: &amp;quot;User-Made content&amp;quot; or &amp;quot;User-Maintained Content&amp;quot;, campaigns and other material that does not ship with the game but is available for download from the [[Guide_to_UMC_Content|Wesnoth add-on server]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; [[WesCamp|Wescamp]]: The (former) project for translating unofficial user-made campaigns&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; zone of control (ZoC): game rule; when a unit moves to a hex adjacent to enemy unit, it usually cannot move further.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; zone-locked: said of a unit that has entered an enemy ZoC and therefore cannot move further (often just &amp;quot;zoced&amp;quot; for short).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Wesnothian Acronyms ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*AI      - Artificial Intelligence (An 'AI side' is a side controlled by the computer)&lt;br /&gt;
*AF      - After the Fall of Wesnoth (AtF may also be used outside of the Wesnoth Calendar)&lt;br /&gt;
*AMLA    - After Maximum Level Advancement&lt;br /&gt;
*AoH     - Age of Heroes&lt;br /&gt;
*BfM     - Battle for Meridia&lt;br /&gt;
*BfW     - Battle for Wesnoth (the name of the game)&lt;br /&gt;
*BWH     - '''B'''een suggested before.  '''W'''e think it's a good idea.  '''H'''ope to add it eventually.&lt;br /&gt;
*CABD    - Can Already Be Done, e.g., you can already create custom unit abilities via WML.&lt;br /&gt;
*CtH     - Chance to Hit (also C2H)&lt;br /&gt;
*CtBH    - Chance to Be Hit (also C2BH)&lt;br /&gt;
*CtK     - Chance to Kill (also C2K)&lt;br /&gt;
*CtBK    - Chance to Be Killed (also C2BK)&lt;br /&gt;
*FoW     - Fog of War (i.e. fog)&lt;br /&gt;
*FFA     - Free For All (playing a map with &amp;gt;2 players without teams)&lt;br /&gt;
*FPI     - Frequently Posted Idea (read the [http://www.wesnoth.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=1158|FPI Post] from the Ideas Forum)&lt;br /&gt;
*HANE—EtH      - Hexes Are Not Evil - Embrace the Hex&lt;br /&gt;
*HAPMA   - Hexes Are Possibly Miles Across&lt;br /&gt;
*HP      - Hit points&lt;br /&gt;
*IIRWIIR - It Is Ready When It Is Ready&lt;br /&gt;
*IPF     - [[ImagePathFunctions|Image Path Function]]&lt;br /&gt;
*KISS    - Keep It Simple, Stupid: Applies to coding, not game rules (although indirectly it does): see [[WesnothPhilosophy]]&lt;br /&gt;
*MAI     - Micro AI: see: [[Micro_AIs]]&lt;br /&gt;
*MP      - Multiplayer or Movement Points&lt;br /&gt;
*MUB     - Massive Unit Blobs&lt;br /&gt;
*N3T     - No 3-Teams; A belief stating that contests between three equal and opposing forces are inherently unbalanced&lt;br /&gt;
*OAB     - Options Are Bad; In reference to gameplay, not user interface options.  Mostly used by Turin.&lt;br /&gt;
*OFWRA   - Old Flame War Revival Alert; In other words, we have discussed this before and have no interest in discussing it again, especially if it got ugly&lt;br /&gt;
*OOS     - Out Of Sync - an error generated by Wesnoth.  OOS errors occur when game data for one player is different/incompatible from the others&lt;br /&gt;
*PoD     - Paths of Daggers, the name of a 2v2 multiplayer map.&lt;br /&gt;
*RiPLIB  - Reduction in Power when Leveling Is Bad: means that when a unit upgrades, at least one of its options should be strictly superior to the original unit. [http://www.wesnoth.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=1423 Reference 1] / [http://www.wesnoth.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=7205 Reference 2]&lt;br /&gt;
*RNG     - Random Number Generator&lt;br /&gt;
*RPG     - Role Playing Game - [http://www.wesnoth.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=4385 1)] Wesnoth's experience system. &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;2)&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; An &amp;quot;RPG-style&amp;quot; game on the MP server means the primary focus will be walking your leader-units through a scripted storyline involving map exploration and lots of WML.&lt;br /&gt;
*RTS     - Real Time Strategy Game - as opposed to a turn-based game like Wesnoth&lt;br /&gt;
*SLF     - [[StandardLocationFilter]]&lt;br /&gt;
*SP      - Single Player (Campaigns)&lt;br /&gt;
*SSF     - [[StandardSideFilter]]&lt;br /&gt;
*SUF     - [[StandardUnitFilter]]&lt;br /&gt;
*TBS     - Turn Based Strategy Game, like Wesnoth&lt;br /&gt;
*ToD     - Time of Day&lt;br /&gt;
*TTK     - Time To Kill &lt;br /&gt;
*TWP     - The Wesnoth Philosophy: [[WesnothPhilosophy]]&lt;br /&gt;
*UAPEB   - Units Are Possibly Entire Battalions&lt;br /&gt;
*WICOT   - WML is capable of this (the requested feature is already possible to script, so no need to hard-code it in C++)&lt;br /&gt;
*WINR    - Wesnoth Is Not Realistic&lt;br /&gt;
*WIN_    - Wesnoth Is Not... (Warcraft, Lord of the Rings, medieval Europe, an RPG, a wargame, a war simulation, Fire Emblem, etc.)&lt;br /&gt;
*WML     - Wesnoth Markup Language: [[ReferenceWML]]&lt;br /&gt;
*XP      - Experience (also EXP)&lt;br /&gt;
*ZoC     - Zone of Control&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Names of Mainline Campaigns and Scenarios ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*AOI           - ''An Orcish Incursion'' (Removed from Mainline on 1.15)&lt;br /&gt;
*DiD           - ''Descent into Darkness''&lt;br /&gt;
*DM            - ''Delfador's Memoirs''&lt;br /&gt;
*DW            - ''Dead Water''&lt;br /&gt;
*EI            - ''The Eastern Invasion''&lt;br /&gt;
*HttT          - ''Heir to the Throne''&lt;br /&gt;
** BoP         - ''Bay of Pearls''&lt;br /&gt;
** DD          - ''Dwarven Doors''&lt;br /&gt;
** HotNE       - ''Home of the North Elves''&lt;br /&gt;
** IotD        - ''Isle of the Damned''&lt;br /&gt;
** RtW         - ''Return to Wesnoth''&lt;br /&gt;
** SoE         - ''Siege of Elensefar''&lt;br /&gt;
** SoF         - ''Sceptre of Fire''&lt;br /&gt;
** TotC        - ''Test of the Clans''&lt;br /&gt;
*IoM           - ''Isle of Mists'' (MP, mainlined in 1.15)&lt;br /&gt;
*LoW           - ''Legend of Wesmere''&lt;br /&gt;
*NR            - ''Northern Rebirth''&lt;br /&gt;
*SoF           - ''Sceptre of Fire''&lt;br /&gt;
*SotA          - ''Secrets of the Ancient''&lt;br /&gt;
*SotBE         - ''Son of the Black Eye''&lt;br /&gt;
*TB (or AToTB) - ''A Tale of Two Brothers''&lt;br /&gt;
*THoT          - ''The Hammer of Thursagan''&lt;br /&gt;
*TRoW          - ''The Rise of Wesnoth''&lt;br /&gt;
*TSG           - ''The South Guard''&lt;br /&gt;
*UtBS          - ''Under the Burning Suns''&lt;br /&gt;
*WC            - ''World Conquest'' (MP, mainlined in 1.15)&lt;br /&gt;
*WoF           - ''Winds of Fate'' (formerly WoV for ''Wings of Victory'' or ''Wings of Valor'')&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Unofficial Campaigns ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*ANO      - ''A New Order''&lt;br /&gt;
*AotDS    - ''Aria of the Dragon Slayer''&lt;br /&gt;
*ARL      - ''A Rough Life''&lt;br /&gt;
*ASoF     - ''A Song of Fire''&lt;br /&gt;
*AtS      - ''After the Storm''&lt;br /&gt;
*BCoA     - ''Black Cross of Aleron''&lt;br /&gt;
*BMR      - ''Bad Moon Rising''&lt;br /&gt;
*BW       - ''Brave Wings''&lt;br /&gt;
*CCamp    - ''Custom Campaign''&lt;br /&gt;
*FoaP     - ''Fate of a Princess''&lt;br /&gt;
*FTC      - ''Forward They Cried''&lt;br /&gt;
*FtF      - ''Flight to Freedom''&lt;br /&gt;
*Gns      - ''Genesis''&lt;br /&gt;
*HoI1     - ''Hero of Irdya - Book I''&lt;br /&gt;
*IftU     - ''Invasion from the Unknown''&lt;br /&gt;
*IQ       - ''Inky's Quest''&lt;br /&gt;
*LotI     - ''Legend of the Invincibles''&lt;br /&gt;
*SE       - ''Saving Elensefar''&lt;br /&gt;
*SfF      - ''Struggle for Freedom''&lt;br /&gt;
*TBC      - ''The Beautiful Child''&lt;br /&gt;
*TDH      - ''The Dark Hordes''&lt;br /&gt;
*TEG      - ''The Earth's Gut''&lt;br /&gt;
*TFE      - ''The Final Exam''&lt;br /&gt;
*TLU      - ''To Lands Unknown''&lt;br /&gt;
*TSL      - ''The Silver Lands''&lt;br /&gt;
*TSoG     - ''The Sojournings of Grog''&lt;br /&gt;
*WotJ     - ''War of the Jewel'' &lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div id=&amp;quot;Unit_Names&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Unofficial MP Eras ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*AE  - ''Ageless Era/Archaic Era''&lt;br /&gt;
*ANLE - ''A New Land Era''&lt;br /&gt;
*EEaW - ''17th Century Eastern Europe at War''&lt;br /&gt;
*EoM - ''Era of Myths''&lt;br /&gt;
*EoMa - ''Era of Magic''&lt;br /&gt;
*GSE - ''Great Steppe Era''&lt;br /&gt;
*IE - ''Imperial Era''&lt;br /&gt;
*RE - ''Rashy Era''&lt;br /&gt;
*RotL/Rotl - ''Reign of The Lords''&lt;br /&gt;
*WoL - ''War of Legends''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Unit Jargon ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*bird    - usually Gryphon Rider/Master (knalgans), or occasionally a Falcon or Eagle Rider from the [//units.wesnoth.org/1.14/Extended_Era/en_US/era_extended_37.0.0.0.html Extended Era] Aragwaith and Kalifa factions.&lt;br /&gt;
*DA      - Dark Adept (undead)&lt;br /&gt;
*DF      - Dunefolk&lt;br /&gt;
*fish    - Merman (loyalists or rebels) or Naga Fighter (northerners)&lt;br /&gt;
*frog    - a Saurian, especially &amp;quot;magic frog&amp;quot; for an Augur&lt;br /&gt;
*gobo    - An affectionate, if somewhat derogatory term for the Goblin Spearman&lt;br /&gt;
*gunner  - Dwarvish Thunderer/Thunderguard/Dragonguard (knalgans)&lt;br /&gt;
*HI      - Heavy Infantryman (loyalists)&lt;br /&gt;
*KA      - Knalgan Alliance&lt;br /&gt;
*MoL     - Mage of Light (loyalists or rebels)&lt;br /&gt;
*pyro    - Unit in the Drake Burner line&lt;br /&gt;
*UD      - Undead&lt;br /&gt;
*Ulf     - Dwarvish Ulfserker (knalgans)&lt;br /&gt;
*WC      - Walking Corpse (undead)&lt;br /&gt;
*zombie  - Walking Corpse&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== General Acronyms ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*AFaICT  - As Far as I Can Tell (A statement with a disclaimer on truthfulness)&lt;br /&gt;
*AFaIK   - As Far as I Know (A statement with a disclaimer on truthfulness)&lt;br /&gt;
*AFaIU   - As Far as I Understand (likewise)&lt;br /&gt;
*AfK     - Away from the Keyboard&lt;br /&gt;
*ASaP    - As Soon as Possible&lt;br /&gt;
*BRB     - Be Right Back&lt;br /&gt;
*BtW     - By the Way (A statement with a disclaimer on relevance)&lt;br /&gt;
*DTRT    - Do The Right Thing (expectation for how something should work)&lt;br /&gt;
*EV      - Expected Value&lt;br /&gt;
*FTR     - For The Record&lt;br /&gt;
*FUBAR   - F***ed up beyond all repair / reason&lt;br /&gt;
*FWIW    - For what it's worth&lt;br /&gt;
*FYI     - For Your Information&lt;br /&gt;
*GG      - Good Game (a common courtesy to say after a multiplayer game; alternatively &amp;quot;GGWP&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;Good Game, Well Played&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
*GtG     - Got to Go&lt;br /&gt;
*IANAL   - I Am Not A Lawyer (A disclaimer that a statement may not constitute legal advice.)&lt;br /&gt;
*IDK     - I Don't Know&lt;br /&gt;
*IIRC    - If I Recall/Remember Correctly (A statement with a disclaimer on truthfulness)&lt;br /&gt;
*IIUC    - If I Understand Correctly (Similar to IIRC, but not implying that the speaker once knew with certainty.)&lt;br /&gt;
*IMHO    - In My Humble Opinion (A statement with a disclaimer on objectiveness) (can also be read as &amp;quot;In My Honest Opinion&amp;quot;)&lt;br /&gt;
*IMO     - In My Opinion&lt;br /&gt;
*IYSWIM  - If You See What I Mean (A statement seeking agreement)&lt;br /&gt;
*LGTM    - Looks Good To Me (used by maintainers when approving Pull Requests on GitHub)&lt;br /&gt;
*LMAO    - Laughing My A** Off&lt;br /&gt;
*LTNS    - Long Time No See&lt;br /&gt;
*OMG     - oh my god(s)&lt;br /&gt;
*OP      - either &amp;quot;OverPowered&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Original Post&amp;quot;, or &amp;quot;Original Poster&amp;quot;, depending on context. &lt;br /&gt;
*OT      - Off Topic: can refer either to the forum category ([http://www.wesnoth.org/forum/viewforum.php?f=11]) or to spam&lt;br /&gt;
*OtOH    - On the Other Hand (A contrast)&lt;br /&gt;
*PR      - Pull Request (in the context of contributing to a project like Wesnoth on GitHub; other projects that use other issue trackers use it to mean Problem Report instead)&lt;br /&gt;
*QFT     - Quote For Truth&lt;br /&gt;
*RotFL   - Rolling on the Floor Laughing; also RoFL&lt;br /&gt;
*RtFM    - Read the F***ing Manual&lt;br /&gt;
*TTYL    - Talk To You Later&lt;br /&gt;
*YMMV    - Your Mileage May Vary (a disclaimer allowing for subjectivity)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:World of Wesnoth]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Glossary/ru&amp;diff=75426</id>
		<title>Glossary/ru</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Glossary/ru&amp;diff=75426"/>
		<updated>2026-06-25T07:42:51Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: &lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;{{Translations}}&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div class=&amp;quot;tright&amp;quot;&amp;gt; __TOC__ &amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Воспользуйтесь приведенным ниже списком, чтобы разобраться в различных терминах и аббревиатурах (в основном, специфичных для Веснота), с которыми вы можете столкнуться.&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ ДЛЯ РЕДАКТОРОВ: Пожалуйста, старайтесь сохранять термины в алфавитном порядке, чтобы упростить поиск вручную --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
== Игровые Термины ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; способность: Особое игровое правило или возможность, применяемая ко всем юнитам определённого типа — например, каждая эльфийская ведунья обладает способностью «лечение». (См. [[AbilitiesWML]] для создания способностей.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; кампания: Последовательность сценариев, объединённых общей сюжетной линией. ([[MainlineCampaigns/ru|Основные кампании]], [[Guide_to_UMC_Content/ru|Гайд по пользовательскому контенту]], [[CampaignWML]])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; creeping biggerism: тенденция художников, создающих спрайты, делать новые спрайты больше и детализированнее существующих, что приводит к проблемам масштаба.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; эра: Набор фракций, доступных в многопользовательском режиме. Дополнительные эры можно загрузить с [[Guide_to_UMC_Content/ru|сервера дополнений]]. ([[EraWML]])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; фракция: конкретный ограниченный набор бойцов, доступных для игры в многопользовательских играх для каждой из сторон. ([[EraWML|тег WML multiplayer_side]])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; туман войны: настройка сценария, при использовании которой вражеские бойцы отображаются только вблизи бойцов игрока.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; основная ветка: [[MainlineCampaigns/ru|кампания]], многопользовательская карта, эпоха, фракция, изображение или другой ресурс, поставляемый с дистрибутивом Веснота. Противоположность &amp;quot;[[#пользовательский контент|пользовательскому контенту]]&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; сценарий: последовательность ходов, сыгранных на одной карте. ([[ScenarioWML]])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; shroud: настройка сценария, при использовании которой в начале вся карта чёрная, и видными становятся только те участки, которые игрок уже раскрыл.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; цвет команды (TColor, TC): Графическое обозначение бойца, при котором цвет какой—либо его части (например, одежды) отражает его принадлежность к той или иной команде ([[Team Color Shifting/ru|Изменение цвета команды]])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; свойство: Случайное незначительное изменение бойца; оно отличает его от других бойцов того же типа. ([[UnitsWML|тег свойства]])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; пользовательский контент: Кампании и другие материалы, которые не входят в состав игры, но доступны для скачивания с [[Guide_to_UMC_Content|сервера аддонов Веснота]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; [[WesCamp]]: (бывший) проект по переводу неофициальных пользовательских кампаний&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; Зона контроля (ЗК): правило игры; когда юнит перемещается на поле, прилегающее к вражескому бойцу, он, обычно, не может двигаться дальше.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; зонированный: так называют бойца, вошедшего в зону контроля противника и, следовательно, не способного двигаться дальше&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Веснотские Аббревиатуры ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*AI (ИИ)      — Искусственный интеллект (под «искусственным интеллектом» понимается сторона, управляемая компьютером)&lt;br /&gt;
*AF      — После падения Веснота (AtF также может использоваться вне календаря Веснота)&lt;br /&gt;
*AMLA (УПМУ)    — Улучшение После Максимального Уровня&lt;br /&gt;
*AoH     — Эра Героев&lt;br /&gt;
*BfM     — Битва за Меридию&lt;br /&gt;
*BfW     — Битва за Веснот (название игры)&lt;br /&gt;
*BWH     — '''B'''een suggested before.  '''W'''e think it's a good idea.  '''H'''ope to add it eventually. (Уже предлагалось ранее, считаем это хорошей идеей, надеемся добавить это позже)&lt;br /&gt;
*CABD    — Can Already Be Done (Уже возможно [например, создание пользовательских способностей для бойцов с помощью WML])&lt;br /&gt;
*CtH/C2H     — Шанс попадания&lt;br /&gt;
*CtBH/C2BH   — Шанс попадания противника&lt;br /&gt;
*CtK/C2K     — Шанс убить&lt;br /&gt;
*CtBK/C2BK   — Шанс умереть&lt;br /&gt;
*FoW     — Туман войны&lt;br /&gt;
*FFA     — Режим все против всех&lt;br /&gt;
*FPI     — Часто предлагаемая идея (проверьте [http://www.wesnoth.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=1158|Пост про FPI] на форуме идей)&lt;br /&gt;
*HANE—EtH— Поля — не зло, смиритесь с полями&lt;br /&gt;
*HAPMA   — Поля, возможно, в километрах друг от друга&lt;br /&gt;
*HP      — Здоровье&lt;br /&gt;
*IIRWIIR — Будет готово, когда будет готово&lt;br /&gt;
*IPF     — [[ImagePathFunctions|Image Path Function]]&lt;br /&gt;
*KISS    — Принцип «Keep It Simple, Stupid» (применим к программированию, а не к правилам игр (хотя косвенно применим и к ним)) (основная статья: [[WesnothPhilosophy/ru|Философия Веснота]])&lt;br /&gt;
*MAI     — Микро ИИ (основная статья: [[Micro_AIs]])&lt;br /&gt;
*MP      — Мультиплеер / Очки передвижения&lt;br /&gt;
*MUB     — Массивные сгустки бойцов&lt;br /&gt;
*N3T     — Никаких тройных команд; убеждение, утверждающее, что противостояние трёх равных и противостоящих сил по своей природе несбалансировано.&lt;br /&gt;
*OAB     — Наличие опций — это плохо; речь идёт об игровом процессе, а не о параметрах пользовательского интерфейса. В основном используется Турином.&lt;br /&gt;
*OFWRA   — Возобновление старого холивара; другими словами, мы уже обсуждали это раньше и не заинтересованы в повторном обсуждении, особенно если дело дойдет до конфликта.&lt;br /&gt;
*OOS     — Рассинхрон — ошибка, генерируемая Веснотом. Ошибки OOS возникают, когда игровые данные одного игрока отличаются/несовместимы с данными других игроков.&lt;br /&gt;
*PoD     — Paths of Daggers — название многопользовательской карты для режима 2 на 2.&lt;br /&gt;
*RiPLIB  — Снижение мощности при продвижении — плохо: означает, что при продвижении бойца по крайней мере один из его вариантов должен строго превосходить исходный юнит. [http://www.wesnoth.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=1423 Ссылка 1] / [http://www.wesnoth.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=7205 Ссылка 2]&lt;br /&gt;
*RNG     — Генератор случайных чисел&lt;br /&gt;
*RPG     — Ролевая игра — [http://www.wesnoth.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=4385 1)] Система опыта в Весноте. &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;2)&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; Игра в стиле RPG на многопользовательском сервере означает, что основное внимание будет уделяться прохождению ваших бойцов-лидеров по сюжетной линии, включающей исследование карты и множество заданий WML.&lt;br /&gt;
*RTS     — Стратегия в реальном времени — в отличие от пошаговой игры, такой как Веснот.&lt;br /&gt;
*SLF     — [[StandardLocationFilter]]&lt;br /&gt;
*SP      — Одиночная игра (кампания)&lt;br /&gt;
*SSF     — [[StandardSideFilter]]&lt;br /&gt;
*SUF     — [[StandardUnitFilter]]&lt;br /&gt;
*TBS     — Пошаговая игра&lt;br /&gt;
*ToD     — Время суток&lt;br /&gt;
*TTK     — Время на убийство&lt;br /&gt;
*TWP     — [[WesnothPhilosophy/ru|Философия Веснота]]&lt;br /&gt;
*UAPEB   — Бойцы, возможно, целые батальоны&lt;br /&gt;
*WICOT   — WML на это способен (запрошенную функцию уже можно реализовать с помощью скриптов, поэтому нет необходимости писать код на C++).&lt;br /&gt;
*WINR    — Веснот не реалистичен&lt;br /&gt;
*WIN_    — Веснот — это не... (Warcraft, Властелин Колец, средневековая Европа, RPG, варгейм, симулятор войны, Fire Emblem, и т.д.)&lt;br /&gt;
*WML     — Язык разметки Веснота: [[ReferenceWML]]&lt;br /&gt;
*XP      — Опыт&lt;br /&gt;
*ZoC     — Зона контроля&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Названия Кампаний и Сценариев Основной Ветки ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*AOI           — ''Набег Орков'' (Removed from Mainline on 1.15)&lt;br /&gt;
*DiD           — ''Нисхождение во Тьму''&lt;br /&gt;
*DM            — ''Мемуары Делфадора''&lt;br /&gt;
*DW            — ''Мёртвые Воды''&lt;br /&gt;
*EI            — ''Вторжение с Востока''&lt;br /&gt;
*HttT          — ''Наследник Престола''&lt;br /&gt;
** BoP         — ''Залив Жемчуга''&lt;br /&gt;
** DD          — ''Гномьи Врата''&lt;br /&gt;
** HotNE       — ''Дом Северных Эльфов''&lt;br /&gt;
** IotD        — ''Остров Проклятых''&lt;br /&gt;
** RtW         — ''Возвращение в Веснот''&lt;br /&gt;
** SoE         — ''Осада Эленсефара''&lt;br /&gt;
** SoF         — ''Огненный Скипетр''&lt;br /&gt;
** TotC        — ''Испытание Кланов''&lt;br /&gt;
*IoM           — ''Остров Туманов'' (MP, добавлена в 1.15)&lt;br /&gt;
*LoW           — ''Легенда Весмира''&lt;br /&gt;
*NR            — ''Северное Возрождение''&lt;br /&gt;
*SoF           — ''Огненный Скипетр''&lt;br /&gt;
*SotA          — ''Секреты Древних''&lt;br /&gt;
*SotBE         — ''Сын Чёрного Глаза''&lt;br /&gt;
*TB (or AToTB) — ''Сказание о Двух Братьях''&lt;br /&gt;
*THoT          — ''Молот Турсагана''&lt;br /&gt;
*TRoW          — ''На Заре Веснота''&lt;br /&gt;
*TSG           — ''Южная Стража''&lt;br /&gt;
*UtBS          — ''Под Палящими Светилами''&lt;br /&gt;
*WC            — ''Захват Мира'' (MP, добавлена в 1.15)&lt;br /&gt;
*WoF           — ''Ветры Рока''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Неофициальные Кампании ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*ANO      — ''A New Order''&lt;br /&gt;
*AotDS    — ''Aria of the Dragon Slayer''&lt;br /&gt;
*ARL      — ''A Rough Life''&lt;br /&gt;
*ASoF     — ''A Song of Fire''&lt;br /&gt;
*AtS      — ''After the Storm''&lt;br /&gt;
*BCoA     — ''Black Cross of Aleron''&lt;br /&gt;
*BMR      — ''Bad Moon Rising''&lt;br /&gt;
*BW       — ''Brave Wings''&lt;br /&gt;
*CCamp    — ''Custom Campaign''&lt;br /&gt;
*FoaP     — ''Fate of a Princess''&lt;br /&gt;
*FTC      — ''Forward They Cried''&lt;br /&gt;
*FtF      — ''Flight to Freedom''&lt;br /&gt;
*Gns      — ''Genesis''&lt;br /&gt;
*HoI1     — ''Hero of Irdya — Book I''&lt;br /&gt;
*IftU     — ''Invasion from the Unknown''&lt;br /&gt;
*IQ       — ''Inky's Quest''&lt;br /&gt;
*LotI     — ''Legend of the Invincibles''&lt;br /&gt;
*SE       — ''Saving Elensefar''&lt;br /&gt;
*SfF      — ''Struggle for Freedom''&lt;br /&gt;
*TBC      — ''The Beautiful Child''&lt;br /&gt;
*TDH      — ''The Dark Hordes''&lt;br /&gt;
*TEG      — ''The Earth's Gut''&lt;br /&gt;
*TFE      — ''The Final Exam''&lt;br /&gt;
*TLU      — ''To Lands Unknown''&lt;br /&gt;
*TSL      — ''The Silver Lands''&lt;br /&gt;
*TSoG     — ''The Sojournings of Grog''&lt;br /&gt;
*WotJ     — ''War of the Jewel''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div id=&amp;quot;Unit_Names&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Неофициальные Мультиплеерные Эры ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*AE  — ''Ageless Era/Archaic Era''&lt;br /&gt;
*ANLE — ''A New Land Era''&lt;br /&gt;
*EEaW — ''17th Century Eastern Europe at War''&lt;br /&gt;
*EoM — ''Era of Myths''&lt;br /&gt;
*EoMa — ''Era of Magic''&lt;br /&gt;
*GSE — ''Great Steppe Era''&lt;br /&gt;
*IE — ''Imperial Era''&lt;br /&gt;
*RE — ''Rashy Era''&lt;br /&gt;
*RotL/Rotl — ''Reign of The Lords''&lt;br /&gt;
*WoL — ''War of Legends''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Жаргонные Названия Бойцов ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*bird    — обычно это Всадник/Мастер Грифона (альянс кналга), или иногда Всадник на Соколе или Орле из фракций Арагвайт и Калифа [//units.wesnoth.org/1.14/Extended_Era/en_US/era_extended_37.0.0.0.html Расширенной Эры].&lt;br /&gt;
*DA      — Тёмный адепт (нежить)&lt;br /&gt;
*DF      — Народ Пустыни&lt;br /&gt;
*fish    — Водяной (лоялисты или мятежники) или Боец-Наг (северяне)&lt;br /&gt;
*frog    — Ящер&lt;br /&gt;
*gobo    — Ласковое, хотя и несколько пренебрежительное, прозвище для гоблина-копейщика.&lt;br /&gt;
*gunner  — Громобой/Громовержец/Драконоборец Гномов (альянс кналга)&lt;br /&gt;
*HI      — Тяжёлый пехотинец (лоялисты)&lt;br /&gt;
*KA      — Альянс Кналга&lt;br /&gt;
*MoL     — Маг Света (лоялисты или мятежники)&lt;br /&gt;
*pyro    — Один из бойцов из ветки «огненных» у Дрейков&lt;br /&gt;
*UD      — Нежить&lt;br /&gt;
*Ulf     — Ульфсерк Гномов (альянс кналга)&lt;br /&gt;
*WC      — Ходячий труп (нежить)&lt;br /&gt;
*zombie  — Ходячий труп&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Общие Аббревиатуры ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*AFaICT  — As Far as I Can Tell — Насколько я могу сказать&lt;br /&gt;
*AFaIK   — As Far as I Know — Насколько я знаю&lt;br /&gt;
*AFaIU   — As Far as I Understand — Насколько я понимаю&lt;br /&gt;
*AfK     — Away from the Keyboard — Отошёл&lt;br /&gt;
*ASaP    — As Soon as Possible — Как можно скорее&lt;br /&gt;
*BRB     — Be Right Back — Скоро вернусь&lt;br /&gt;
*BtW     — By the Way — Кстати&lt;br /&gt;
*DTRT    — Do The Right Thing — Поступите правильно&lt;br /&gt;
*EV      — Expected Value — Ожидаемая ценность&lt;br /&gt;
*FTR     — For The Record — К слову&lt;br /&gt;
*FUBAR   — F***ed up beyond all repair / reason — Проёбано вдребезги&lt;br /&gt;
*FWIW    — For what it's worth — Как бы там ни было&lt;br /&gt;
*FYI     — For Your Information — К вашему сведению&lt;br /&gt;
*GG      — Good Game — Хорошо сыграно (признание поражения)&lt;br /&gt;
*GtG     — Got to Go — Мне пора&lt;br /&gt;
*IANAL   — I Am Not A Lawyer — Я не юрист&lt;br /&gt;
*IDK     — I Don't Know — Не знаю&lt;br /&gt;
*IIRC    — If I Recall/Remember Correctly — Если я правильно помню&lt;br /&gt;
*IIUC    — If I Understand Correctly — Как я понимаю&lt;br /&gt;
*IMHO    — In My Humble Opinion — По моему скромному мнению&lt;br /&gt;
*IMO     — In My Opinion — По моему мнению&lt;br /&gt;
*IYSWIM  — If You See What I Mean — Если вы понимаете о чём я&lt;br /&gt;
*LGTM    — Looks Good To Me — Выглядит достаточно готовым&lt;br /&gt;
*LMAO    — Laughing My A** Off&lt;br /&gt;
*LTNS    — Long Time No See — Давно не виделись&lt;br /&gt;
*OMG     — oh my god(s) — Боже мой!&lt;br /&gt;
*OP      — either &amp;quot;OverPowered&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Original Post&amp;quot;, or &amp;quot;Original Poster&amp;quot;, depending on context. — Имба, оригинальный пост, автор поста&lt;br /&gt;
*OT      — Off Topic: can refer either to the forum category ([http://www.wesnoth.org/forum/viewforum.php?f=11]) or to spam — категория форума, спам&lt;br /&gt;
*OtOH    — On the Other Hand — С другой стороны&lt;br /&gt;
*PR      — Pull Request&lt;br /&gt;
*QFT     — Quote For Truth&lt;br /&gt;
*RotFL   — Rolling on the Floor Laughing; also RoFL&lt;br /&gt;
*RtFM    — Read the F***ing Manual — Читайте ёбаное руководство&lt;br /&gt;
*TTYL    — Talk To You Later — Поговорим позже&lt;br /&gt;
*YMMV    — Your Mileage May Vary — Результаты могут отличаться&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:World of Wesnoth]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
	<entry>
		<id>https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Glossary/ru&amp;diff=75425</id>
		<title>Glossary/ru</title>
		<link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="https://wiki.wesnoth.org/index.php?title=Glossary/ru&amp;diff=75425"/>
		<updated>2026-06-25T07:41:48Z</updated>

		<summary type="html">&lt;p&gt;Alexinor: Created page with &amp;quot;Воспользуйтесь приведенным ниже списком, чтобы разобраться в различных терминах и аббревиатур...&amp;quot;&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;Воспользуйтесь приведенным ниже списком, чтобы разобраться в различных терминах и аббревиатурах (в основном, специфичных для Веснота), с которыми вы можете столкнуться.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;!-- ПРИМЕЧАНИЕ ДЛЯ РЕДАКТОРОВ: Пожалуйста, старайтесь сохранять термины в алфавитном порядке, чтобы упростить поиск вручную --&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Игровые Термины ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; способность: Особое игровое правило или возможность, применяемая ко всем юнитам определённого типа — например, каждая эльфийская ведунья обладает способностью «лечение». (См. [[AbilitiesWML]] для создания способностей.)&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; кампания: Последовательность сценариев, объединённых общей сюжетной линией. ([[MainlineCampaigns/ru|Основные кампании]], [[Guide_to_UMC_Content/ru|Гайд по пользовательскому контенту]], [[CampaignWML]])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; creeping biggerism: тенденция художников, создающих спрайты, делать новые спрайты больше и детализированнее существующих, что приводит к проблемам масштаба.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; эра: Набор фракций, доступных в многопользовательском режиме. Дополнительные эры можно загрузить с [[Guide_to_UMC_Content/ru|сервера дополнений]]. ([[EraWML]])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; фракция: конкретный ограниченный набор бойцов, доступных для игры в многопользовательских играх для каждой из сторон. ([[EraWML|тег WML multiplayer_side]])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; туман войны: настройка сценария, при использовании которой вражеские бойцы отображаются только вблизи бойцов игрока.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; основная ветка: [[MainlineCampaigns/ru|кампания]], многопользовательская карта, эпоха, фракция, изображение или другой ресурс, поставляемый с дистрибутивом Веснота. Противоположность &amp;quot;[[#пользовательский контент|пользовательскому контенту]]&amp;quot;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; сценарий: последовательность ходов, сыгранных на одной карте. ([[ScenarioWML]])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; shroud: настройка сценария, при использовании которой в начале вся карта чёрная, и видными становятся только те участки, которые игрок уже раскрыл.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; цвет команды (TColor, TC): Графическое обозначение бойца, при котором цвет какой—либо его части (например, одежды) отражает его принадлежность к той или иной команде ([[Team Color Shifting/ru|Изменение цвета команды]])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; свойство: Случайное незначительное изменение бойца; оно отличает его от других бойцов того же типа. ([[UnitsWML|тег свойства]])&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; пользовательский контент: Кампании и другие материалы, которые не входят в состав игры, но доступны для скачивания с [[Guide_to_UMC_Content|сервера аддонов Веснота]].&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; [[WesCamp]]: (бывший) проект по переводу неофициальных пользовательских кампаний&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; Зона контроля (ЗК): правило игры; когда юнит перемещается на поле, прилегающее к вражескому бойцу, он, обычно, не может двигаться дальше.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
; зонированный: так называют бойца, вошедшего в зону контроля противника и, следовательно, не способного двигаться дальше&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Веснотские Аббревиатуры ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*AI (ИИ)      — Искусственный интеллект (под «искусственным интеллектом» понимается сторона, управляемая компьютером)&lt;br /&gt;
*AF      — После падения Веснота (AtF также может использоваться вне календаря Веснота)&lt;br /&gt;
*AMLA (УПМУ)    — Улучшение После Максимального Уровня&lt;br /&gt;
*AoH     — Эра Героев&lt;br /&gt;
*BfM     — Битва за Меридию&lt;br /&gt;
*BfW     — Битва за Веснот (название игры)&lt;br /&gt;
*BWH     — '''B'''een suggested before.  '''W'''e think it's a good idea.  '''H'''ope to add it eventually. (Уже предлагалось ранее, считаем это хорошей идеей, надеемся добавить это позже)&lt;br /&gt;
*CABD    — Can Already Be Done (Уже возможно [например, создание пользовательских способностей для бойцов с помощью WML])&lt;br /&gt;
*CtH/C2H     — Шанс попадания&lt;br /&gt;
*CtBH/C2BH   — Шанс попадания противника&lt;br /&gt;
*CtK/C2K     — Шанс убить&lt;br /&gt;
*CtBK/C2BK   — Шанс умереть&lt;br /&gt;
*FoW     — Туман войны&lt;br /&gt;
*FFA     — Режим все против всех&lt;br /&gt;
*FPI     — Часто предлагаемая идея (проверьте [http://www.wesnoth.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=1158|Пост про FPI] на форуме идей)&lt;br /&gt;
*HANE—EtH— Поля — не зло, смиритесь с полями&lt;br /&gt;
*HAPMA   — Поля, возможно, в километрах друг от друга&lt;br /&gt;
*HP      — Здоровье&lt;br /&gt;
*IIRWIIR — Будет готово, когда будет готово&lt;br /&gt;
*IPF     — [[ImagePathFunctions|Image Path Function]]&lt;br /&gt;
*KISS    — Принцип «Keep It Simple, Stupid» (применим к программированию, а не к правилам игр (хотя косвенно применим и к ним)) (основная статья: [[WesnothPhilosophy/ru|Философия Веснота]])&lt;br /&gt;
*MAI     — Микро ИИ (основная статья: [[Micro_AIs]])&lt;br /&gt;
*MP      — Мультиплеер / Очки передвижения&lt;br /&gt;
*MUB     — Массивные сгустки бойцов&lt;br /&gt;
*N3T     — Никаких тройных команд; убеждение, утверждающее, что противостояние трёх равных и противостоящих сил по своей природе несбалансировано.&lt;br /&gt;
*OAB     — Наличие опций — это плохо; речь идёт об игровом процессе, а не о параметрах пользовательского интерфейса. В основном используется Турином.&lt;br /&gt;
*OFWRA   — Возобновление старого холивара; другими словами, мы уже обсуждали это раньше и не заинтересованы в повторном обсуждении, особенно если дело дойдет до конфликта.&lt;br /&gt;
*OOS     — Рассинхрон — ошибка, генерируемая Веснотом. Ошибки OOS возникают, когда игровые данные одного игрока отличаются/несовместимы с данными других игроков.&lt;br /&gt;
*PoD     — Paths of Daggers — название многопользовательской карты для режима 2 на 2.&lt;br /&gt;
*RiPLIB  — Снижение мощности при продвижении — плохо: означает, что при продвижении бойца по крайней мере один из его вариантов должен строго превосходить исходный юнит. [http://www.wesnoth.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=1423 Ссылка 1] / [http://www.wesnoth.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=7205 Ссылка 2]&lt;br /&gt;
*RNG     — Генератор случайных чисел&lt;br /&gt;
*RPG     — Ролевая игра — [http://www.wesnoth.org/forum/viewtopic.php?t=4385 1)] Система опыта в Весноте. &amp;lt;nowiki&amp;gt;2)&amp;lt;/nowiki&amp;gt; Игра в стиле RPG на многопользовательском сервере означает, что основное внимание будет уделяться прохождению ваших бойцов-лидеров по сюжетной линии, включающей исследование карты и множество заданий WML.&lt;br /&gt;
*RTS     — Стратегия в реальном времени — в отличие от пошаговой игры, такой как Веснот.&lt;br /&gt;
*SLF     — [[StandardLocationFilter]]&lt;br /&gt;
*SP      — Одиночная игра (кампания)&lt;br /&gt;
*SSF     — [[StandardSideFilter]]&lt;br /&gt;
*SUF     — [[StandardUnitFilter]]&lt;br /&gt;
*TBS     — Пошаговая игра&lt;br /&gt;
*ToD     — Время суток&lt;br /&gt;
*TTK     — Время на убийство&lt;br /&gt;
*TWP     — [[WesnothPhilosophy/ru|Философия Веснота]]&lt;br /&gt;
*UAPEB   — Бойцы, возможно, целые батальоны&lt;br /&gt;
*WICOT   — WML на это способен (запрошенную функцию уже можно реализовать с помощью скриптов, поэтому нет необходимости писать код на C++).&lt;br /&gt;
*WINR    — Веснот не реалистичен&lt;br /&gt;
*WIN_    — Веснот — это не... (Warcraft, Властелин Колец, средневековая Европа, RPG, варгейм, симулятор войны, Fire Emblem, и т.д.)&lt;br /&gt;
*WML     — Язык разметки Веснота: [[ReferenceWML]]&lt;br /&gt;
*XP      — Опыт&lt;br /&gt;
*ZoC     — Зона контроля&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Названия Кампаний и Сценариев Основной Ветки ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*AOI           — ''Набег Орков'' (Removed from Mainline on 1.15)&lt;br /&gt;
*DiD           — ''Нисхождение во Тьму''&lt;br /&gt;
*DM            — ''Мемуары Делфадора''&lt;br /&gt;
*DW            — ''Мёртвые Воды''&lt;br /&gt;
*EI            — ''Вторжение с Востока''&lt;br /&gt;
*HttT          — ''Наследник Престола''&lt;br /&gt;
** BoP         — ''Залив Жемчуга''&lt;br /&gt;
** DD          — ''Гномьи Врата''&lt;br /&gt;
** HotNE       — ''Дом Северных Эльфов''&lt;br /&gt;
** IotD        — ''Остров Проклятых''&lt;br /&gt;
** RtW         — ''Возвращение в Веснот''&lt;br /&gt;
** SoE         — ''Осада Эленсефара''&lt;br /&gt;
** SoF         — ''Огненный Скипетр''&lt;br /&gt;
** TotC        — ''Испытание Кланов''&lt;br /&gt;
*IoM           — ''Остров Туманов'' (MP, добавлена в 1.15)&lt;br /&gt;
*LoW           — ''Легенда Весмира''&lt;br /&gt;
*NR            — ''Северное Возрождение''&lt;br /&gt;
*SoF           — ''Огненный Скипетр''&lt;br /&gt;
*SotA          — ''Секреты Древних''&lt;br /&gt;
*SotBE         — ''Сын Чёрного Глаза''&lt;br /&gt;
*TB (or AToTB) — ''Сказание о Двух Братьях''&lt;br /&gt;
*THoT          — ''Молот Турсагана''&lt;br /&gt;
*TRoW          — ''На Заре Веснота''&lt;br /&gt;
*TSG           — ''Южная Стража''&lt;br /&gt;
*UtBS          — ''Под Палящими Светилами''&lt;br /&gt;
*WC            — ''Захват Мира'' (MP, добавлена в 1.15)&lt;br /&gt;
*WoF           — ''Ветры Рока''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Неофициальные Кампании ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*ANO      — ''A New Order''&lt;br /&gt;
*AotDS    — ''Aria of the Dragon Slayer''&lt;br /&gt;
*ARL      — ''A Rough Life''&lt;br /&gt;
*ASoF     — ''A Song of Fire''&lt;br /&gt;
*AtS      — ''After the Storm''&lt;br /&gt;
*BCoA     — ''Black Cross of Aleron''&lt;br /&gt;
*BMR      — ''Bad Moon Rising''&lt;br /&gt;
*BW       — ''Brave Wings''&lt;br /&gt;
*CCamp    — ''Custom Campaign''&lt;br /&gt;
*FoaP     — ''Fate of a Princess''&lt;br /&gt;
*FTC      — ''Forward They Cried''&lt;br /&gt;
*FtF      — ''Flight to Freedom''&lt;br /&gt;
*Gns      — ''Genesis''&lt;br /&gt;
*HoI1     — ''Hero of Irdya — Book I''&lt;br /&gt;
*IftU     — ''Invasion from the Unknown''&lt;br /&gt;
*IQ       — ''Inky's Quest''&lt;br /&gt;
*LotI     — ''Legend of the Invincibles''&lt;br /&gt;
*SE       — ''Saving Elensefar''&lt;br /&gt;
*SfF      — ''Struggle for Freedom''&lt;br /&gt;
*TBC      — ''The Beautiful Child''&lt;br /&gt;
*TDH      — ''The Dark Hordes''&lt;br /&gt;
*TEG      — ''The Earth's Gut''&lt;br /&gt;
*TFE      — ''The Final Exam''&lt;br /&gt;
*TLU      — ''To Lands Unknown''&lt;br /&gt;
*TSL      — ''The Silver Lands''&lt;br /&gt;
*TSoG     — ''The Sojournings of Grog''&lt;br /&gt;
*WotJ     — ''War of the Jewel''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;lt;div id=&amp;quot;Unit_Names&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/div&amp;gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Неофициальные Мультиплеерные Эры ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*AE  — ''Ageless Era/Archaic Era''&lt;br /&gt;
*ANLE — ''A New Land Era''&lt;br /&gt;
*EEaW — ''17th Century Eastern Europe at War''&lt;br /&gt;
*EoM — ''Era of Myths''&lt;br /&gt;
*EoMa — ''Era of Magic''&lt;br /&gt;
*GSE — ''Great Steppe Era''&lt;br /&gt;
*IE — ''Imperial Era''&lt;br /&gt;
*RE — ''Rashy Era''&lt;br /&gt;
*RotL/Rotl — ''Reign of The Lords''&lt;br /&gt;
*WoL — ''War of Legends''&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Жаргонные Названия Бойцов ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*bird    — обычно это Всадник/Мастер Грифона (альянс кналга), или иногда Всадник на Соколе или Орле из фракций Арагвайт и Калифа [//units.wesnoth.org/1.14/Extended_Era/en_US/era_extended_37.0.0.0.html Расширенной Эры].&lt;br /&gt;
*DA      — Тёмный адепт (нежить)&lt;br /&gt;
*DF      — Народ Пустыни&lt;br /&gt;
*fish    — Водяной (лоялисты или мятежники) или Боец-Наг (северяне)&lt;br /&gt;
*frog    — Ящер&lt;br /&gt;
*gobo    — Ласковое, хотя и несколько пренебрежительное, прозвище для гоблина-копейщика.&lt;br /&gt;
*gunner  — Громобой/Громовержец/Драконоборец Гномов (альянс кналга)&lt;br /&gt;
*HI      — Тяжёлый пехотинец (лоялисты)&lt;br /&gt;
*KA      — Альянс Кналга&lt;br /&gt;
*MoL     — Маг Света (лоялисты или мятежники)&lt;br /&gt;
*pyro    — Один из бойцов из ветки «огненных» у Дрейков&lt;br /&gt;
*UD      — Нежить&lt;br /&gt;
*Ulf     — Ульфсерк Гномов (альянс кналга)&lt;br /&gt;
*WC      — Ходячий труп (нежить)&lt;br /&gt;
*zombie  — Ходячий труп&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
== Общие Аббревиатуры ==&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
*AFaICT  — As Far as I Can Tell — Насколько я могу сказать&lt;br /&gt;
*AFaIK   — As Far as I Know — Насколько я знаю&lt;br /&gt;
*AFaIU   — As Far as I Understand — Насколько я понимаю&lt;br /&gt;
*AfK     — Away from the Keyboard — Отошёл&lt;br /&gt;
*ASaP    — As Soon as Possible — Как можно скорее&lt;br /&gt;
*BRB     — Be Right Back — Скоро вернусь&lt;br /&gt;
*BtW     — By the Way — Кстати&lt;br /&gt;
*DTRT    — Do The Right Thing — Поступите правильно&lt;br /&gt;
*EV      — Expected Value — Ожидаемая ценность&lt;br /&gt;
*FTR     — For The Record — К слову&lt;br /&gt;
*FUBAR   — F***ed up beyond all repair / reason — Проёбано вдребезги&lt;br /&gt;
*FWIW    — For what it's worth — Как бы там ни было&lt;br /&gt;
*FYI     — For Your Information — К вашему сведению&lt;br /&gt;
*GG      — Good Game — Хорошо сыграно (признание поражения)&lt;br /&gt;
*GtG     — Got to Go — Мне пора&lt;br /&gt;
*IANAL   — I Am Not A Lawyer — Я не юрист&lt;br /&gt;
*IDK     — I Don't Know — Не знаю&lt;br /&gt;
*IIRC    — If I Recall/Remember Correctly — Если я правильно помню&lt;br /&gt;
*IIUC    — If I Understand Correctly — Как я понимаю&lt;br /&gt;
*IMHO    — In My Humble Opinion — По моему скромному мнению&lt;br /&gt;
*IMO     — In My Opinion — По моему мнению&lt;br /&gt;
*IYSWIM  — If You See What I Mean — Если вы понимаете о чём я&lt;br /&gt;
*LGTM    — Looks Good To Me — Выглядит достаточно готовым&lt;br /&gt;
*LMAO    — Laughing My A** Off&lt;br /&gt;
*LTNS    — Long Time No See — Давно не виделись&lt;br /&gt;
*OMG     — oh my god(s) — Боже мой!&lt;br /&gt;
*OP      — either &amp;quot;OverPowered&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Original Post&amp;quot;, or &amp;quot;Original Poster&amp;quot;, depending on context. — Имба, оригинальный пост, автор поста&lt;br /&gt;
*OT      — Off Topic: can refer either to the forum category ([http://www.wesnoth.org/forum/viewforum.php?f=11]) or to spam — категория форума, спам&lt;br /&gt;
*OtOH    — On the Other Hand — С другой стороны&lt;br /&gt;
*PR      — Pull Request&lt;br /&gt;
*QFT     — Quote For Truth&lt;br /&gt;
*RotFL   — Rolling on the Floor Laughing; also RoFL&lt;br /&gt;
*RtFM    — Read the F***ing Manual — Читайте ёбаное руководство&lt;br /&gt;
*TTYL    — Talk To You Later — Поговорим позже&lt;br /&gt;
*YMMV    — Your Mileage May Vary — Результаты могут отличаться&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
[[Category:World of Wesnoth]]&lt;/div&gt;</summary>
		<author><name>Alexinor</name></author>
		
	</entry>
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